Mu myaka 21 ishize, umuturage yahagurukaga iwe, za Bweyeye muri Rusizi, akerekeza i Kigali ku cyicaro cya Minisiteri y'Ubutegetsi bw'Igihugu, MINALOC, gushaka icyemezo cy'uko atishoboye.
Uyu munsi si ko bimeze kuko kuba afite telefoni igendanwa, byoroshye gusaba icyangombwa kikamugeraho bitarenze umunsi umwe kandi atavuye iwe mu rugo. Ibyo ni ibyiza byo kuba ubuyobozi bwaramwegereye.
Iyi politiki yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n'ubushobozi, yakozwe mu byiciro birimo icya mbere cya 2001-2006, cyo kubaka imiterere y'inzego z'ubutegetsi, havaho za komini na perefegitura bisimbuzwa uturere n'intara ndetse n'amazina yabyo yari ashingiye ahanini ku mateka arahinduka.
Icyiciro cya kabiri cyahariwe kubaka izo nzego no kongera imbaraga mu byo zikorera abaturage ariko binajyana n'ikibatsi mu mibereho myiza y'abaturage. Muri iyo myaka itanu [2006-2011], ni bwo abantu benshi bavuye mu bukene aho abasaga miliyoni imwe bavuye mu murongo w'ubukene bukabije.
Mu 2011-2016, habayeho kongera ingufu muri gahunda mbaturabukungu zari zaratangijwe mu cyiciro cyabanjirije icyo, ndetse habaho kongera ibikorwa byihutisha iterambere, birimo gahunda za Girinka, VUP n'izindi zose zagiye zigirwamo uruhare n'inzego z'ibanze zegerejwe abaturage.
Mu 2016-2021, cyaranzwe no gushimangira ibyabanje no kongera uruhare rw'abaturage mu mihigo, mu bibakorerwa aho usanga nk'ubu nibura uruhare w'abaturage rugeze hejuru ya 70%, ruvuye hasi ya 50%, rwariho mu myaka itandatu ishize.
Mu kiganiro cyihariye yagiranye na IGIHE, Minisitiri w'Ubutegetsi bw'Igihugu, Prof Shyaka Anastase, yagaragaje ko politiki yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi iri mu nzira nziza kandi umusaruro wayo ugaragarira mu mibereho abaturage bafite ariko nanone no ku cyizere abaturage bafitiye ubuyobozi bwabo kuva ku Umukuru w'Igihugu.
Yagize ati 'Iyo tubona ishusho y'inzego nkuru z'igihugu, iz'umutekano n'izindi zifite ishusho nziza mu baturage, buriya inzego z'ibanze ziba zabigizemo uruhare kuko nibo bahagarariye izo nzego z'ubuyobozi.'
'Kandi turashima ko icyizere Abanyarwanda muri rusange bafitiye inzego z'ubuyobozi bw'igihugu guhera kuri Perezida wa Repubulika, ni hafi 100%, inzego nkuru z'igihugu cyacu, icyizere cy'Abanyarwanda kuri izo nzego kiri hejuru cyane. Icyo rero ni igitego cyacu nin'umusaruro kuri izo nzego zegerejwe abaturage.'
Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ishusho y'uko abaturage babona imiyoborere n'imitangire ya Serivisi mu Nzego z'Ibanze buzwi nka 'Citizen Report Card (CRC) bwakozwe mu 2016-2017 bwagaragaje ko igipimo cyo kwishimira serivisi kiri kuri 70, 9%.
Mu 2020, ubu bushakashatsi bw'Urwego rw'Igihugu rw'Imiyoborere (RGB) bwagaragaje ko Abanyarwanda bafitiye icyizere ubuyobozi bukuru bw'igihugu kurusha izindi nzego mu Rwanda, aho bizera Perezida Kagame ku kigero cya 99.2%.
Ubwo bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko abaturage bizera Inteko Ishinga Amategeko nk'intumwa bitoreye kubahagararira ku kigero cya 92.8%, naho inkiko zibakiranura mu manza bakazizera ku kigero cya 88.7%. Abaturage bizera inzego z'umutekano mu Rwanda zirimo igisirikare n'igipolisi hejuru ya 90%.
Bukomeza bugaragaza ko abaturage bari kuri 71.3% bishimira serivisi bahabwa mu nzego z'ibanze naho 77.17% bishimira uruhare bagira mu bibakorerwa.
Impinduka mu mikoro no gucunga neza ibya rubanda
Muri politiki yo kwegereza ubuyobozi n'ubushobozi abaturage, akarere nirwo rwego rutangirwaho serivisi nyinshi ziganjemo izahoze zitangwa na za minisiteri n'ibindi bigo.
Imibare ya Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi igaragaza ko nibura buri mwaka akarere kagenerwa ingengo y'imari iri hejuru ya miliyari 10Frw, hari n'aho yiyongera. Nko mu ngengo y'imari 2016/2017, uturere 30 twari twagenewe asanga miliyari 436,6Frw.
Minisitiri Prof Shyaka yagize ati 'Inzego z'ibanze zariyubatse, uyu munsi nta karere katarusha minisiteri iyo ariyo yose ingengo y'imari. Kubera gahunda yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi usanga ingengo y'imari ari hejuru ya miliyari 10 Frw ndetse hari n'abasatira 20 Frw.'
Ikindi ni uko amafaranga uturere twishakamo yavuye kuri miliyari zisaga 40 Frw mu 2015 agera kuri miliyari 61 Frw. Nibura buri mwaka hiyongeraho 10%.
Mu myaka 10 ishize, imirenge 416, ntiyabaga yemerewe gukoresha ingengo y'imari ariko kuri ubu byarahindutse kuko n'ubwo idahabwa ingengo ariko ishobora kuyikoresha mu buryo bwemewe, hakagira ibikorwa bikorwa n'umurenge.
Minisitiri Prof Shyaka avuga ko ubushobozi bwiyubatse haba mu mikorere ndetse no muri serivisi abayobozi baha abaturage. Ibi ariko ngo bijyana n'uburyo aba bayobozi bakoresha neza ibya rubanda.
Raporo y'Umugenzuzi Mukuru w'Imari ya Leta mbere ya 2015, yagaragazaga ko uturere tubiri muri 30 [2/30] nitwo twonyine twari dufite imicungire y'umutungo wa leta imeze neza, mu gihe utundi 28 twose raporo yagaragazaga 'Agahomamunwa'.
Iyi raporo yo mu 2020, mu bijyanye no gucunga umutungo wa Leta, uturere 28, tumeze neza n'ubwo hataburamo utubazo tworoheje.
Minisitiri Prof Shyaka ati 'Bivuze iki? Ari uburyo bwo kuba inzego, imikorere yazo, kuzirikana akamaro k'umutungo wa leta n'uburyo tugomba kuwusigasira… inzego z'ibanze zariyubatse kandi zateye intambwe ikomeye.'
Kugeza ubu hari serivisi 33 zihabwa abanyarwanda hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga birimo ibyemezo by'amavuko, iby'uko basezeranye ndetse n'ibikoreshwa mu nkiko. Muri izo zose harimo 22 bashobora kubona bibereye mu rugo.
Minisitiri Prof Shyaka avuga ko ubu buryo bwo kwifashisha ikoranabuhanga bifasha mu kwihutisha serivisi no kwimakaza gukorera mu mucyo.
Umuturage ku isonga!
Mu 2006, nibwo Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizeho uburyo bwo gukorera ku mihigo nk'uburyo bwo gufasha igihugu kwihutisha iterambere, kwihutisha ibikorwa bigamije kuzamura imibereho y'umunyarwanda. Yatangiye ikorwa ku rwego rw'akarere ariko mu 2009/2010, iragurwa ishyirwa no mu nzego nkuru z'igihugu za Minisiteri.
Muri 2017/18 yaravuguruwe hongerwa uburemere ku bijyanye n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage, hatangizwa n'imihigo ihuriweho. Hanavuguruwe uburyo bwo kuyisuzuma. Kuri iyi nshuro igiye kongerwamo umwihariko w'ibikorwa bihindura imibereho y'umuturage harebwa urugo ku rundi n'imiyoborere.
Perezida Kagame, ubwo yayoboraga umuhango wo gusinya imihigo ya 2013/2014, yavuze ko imihigo ari uburyo bwo gufatanya hagati y'inzego za Leta, abikorera n'abaturage mu kuzana impinduka ziganisha ku mibereho myiza.
Icyo gihe yagize ati 'Nagira ngo nibutse ko iyi mihigo ari uburyo bw'imikorere twebwe Abanyarwanda twahisemo kandi twishyiriyeho bivuye mu muco wacu. Abikorera n'abandi baturage bunganira leta ku bikorwa akenshi biba bitari mu ngengo y'imari, niyo ubufatanye burushaho kuba bwatugirira akamaro. Ibyo bituma umusaruro uva mu mihigo wikuba inshuro nyinshi iyo twafatanyije.'
Mu 2019, Perezida Kagame yifuje ko inzego zitandukanye zafata umwanya zikinjizamo ibindi bikorwa bikenewe, bityo imihigo ikaba umusemburo w'iterambere ry'imibereho myiza n'umudendezo w'abaturage.
Minisitiri Prof Shyaka avuga ko kuva imihigo yatangira imaze kuba umuco kandi n'abaturage bamaze kuyigira iyabo ku buryo kuri ubu isigaye ishingira kubyo bashaka.
Yakomeje agira ati 'Hari aho twagiye tubona mu kwishakamo ibisubizo, abaturage bagiye babikora. Ugasanga nko mu Mudugudu runaka, abaturage baravuze bati ntabwo dushaka ko buri rugo rugira ibiti by'imbuto, turashaka ko haba isomero, turashaka ko nta mwana uva mu ishuri, turashaka ko nta mwana ugaragara mu mirire mibi, turashaka, turashaka….'
'Bakagenda bagatondeka ibintu kandi bakabikora. Ni ukuvuga ngo rero ayo niyo masomo natwe tuvana mu baturage kuko nabo bishakamo ibisubizo kandi bitanga umusaruro, ibyo byose ari ku mudugudu ari ku murenge turagira ngo bihabwe imbaraga.'
Avuga ko nyuma y'impanuro bahawe n'Umukuru w'Igihug, bihutiye kongera imbaraga mu bufatanye hagati y'inzego ku buryo imihigo itagomba kuba iya meya ahubwo agatafanya n'abo bakorana ndetse n'abaturage.
Mu kwimakaza imikorere n'imikoranire mu kwesa imihigo, urwego rw'akarere rwashyizeho inama izwi nka JOC [Joint Operating Committee], ihuza abayobozi n'abakozi bo mu karere nibura rimwe cyangwa kabiri mu cyumweru bakaganira ku buzima bw'akarere n'ibibazo bihari bigashakirwa ibisubizo.
Minisitiri Prof Shyaka ati 'Icyo Umukuru w'Igihugu yavugaga cy'uko badakorana, cyamaze kubonerwa igisubizo. Kubera ko imikoranire ntaho wayihungira. Ikindi nabonye ni uko ababa bari muri iyo nama ntabwo ari indorerezi, baraganiraga ku mihigo ku buryo niba aria bantu 10, bafite imihigo 20 baragabana buri wese agafata ibiri.'
Muri rusange kuva hashyirwaho gahunda yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi, hagiye habaho impinduka zikomeye mu bijyanye n'uko abanyarwanda bava mu buke ahanini binyuze muri bwa buryo igihugu cyashyizeho bwo kwishakamo ibusubizo.
Imibare yerekana ko mu 2000/2001 abari mu murongo w'ubukene mu Rwanda bari 58.9%, mu 2005/6 bari 56.7%, mu 2010/11 bari 44.9%, mu 2013/14 bari 39.1%. Ubushakashatsi bwa Gatanu ku mibereho y'ingo mu Rwanda (EICV5), bwasohotse mu Ukuboza 2018, bwagaragaje abagera kuri 38.2% bari mu bukene naho 16.0% bari mu bukene bukabije.
