Ikaze mu gice cya nyuma cy uruhererekane rw ikiganiro cyacu kigaruka ku rugamba rwa Dien Bien Phu, urugamba rwashyize akadomo ku buhangange bw abafaransa mu by intambara mu burasirazuba bwa kure mu majyaruguru ya Vietnam aba vietminh babaha isomo rya gisirikare isomo ryigwa mu mateka y isi nuko abafaransa n uburengerazuba bwabo basubira iwabo mu kimwaro cyinshi gikomeye. Niba utarasomye ibice byacu bibanza wasoma igice cya gatanu unyuze aha https://yegob.rw/urugamba-rwa-dien-bien-phu-igice-cya-gatanu/ ikaze.
Dien Bien Phu cyabaye igitekerezo cya Jenerari Rene Cogny w umufaransa ashingiye kukuba hari ikibuga cy indege cyubatswe n abayapani mu ntambara ya kabiri y isi nyamara nyuma yuko bagenzuye basanze hateza akaga karenze aka Na San niko kubyanga nyamara birangira byemejwe ababihakanye harimo Colonel Jean-Louis Nicot commander w abafaransa warushinzwe indege za transport, Jenerari Cogny, Jenerari Jean Giles na Jenerari Jean Dechaux. Tariki 17 Ugushyingo 1953 nibwo Jenerari Navarre yanzuraga ko Op yagombaga gutangira iminsi 3 nyuma yaho. Tariki 24 Ugushyingo mu 1953 Jenerari Giap yategetse Infantry regiment y 148 ma Division ya 316 kugaba ibitero kuri Lai Chau mu gihe Divisions za 308,312 na 351 zagabaga ibitero kuri Dien Bien Phu ziturutse  Việt Bắc. Nuko mu Kuboza abafaransa bayobowe na Colonel Christian de Castries niko gushinga ibirindiro byari bigabanyijwemo imitwe 8 yose yitirirwa abagore ba de Castries aho Huguette yari mu burengerazuba, Claudine mu majyepfo, Dominique mu majyaruguru ashyira uburasirazuba, Anne-Marie mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba, Beatrice mu majyaruguru ashyira uburasirazuba nayo, Gabrielle mu majyaruguru naho Isabelle ishyirwa ibirometero 6 mu majyepfo irinda ikibuga cy indege. Jenerari Navarre irindi kosa yakoze kwari uguhitamo Colonel de Castries warufite tekinike z intambara z abarwanira ku mafarashi by ikinyejana cya 18 biganisha kuri mobile warfare mu gihe iyi ntambara yari ikenewe yari iy intambara ya I y isi aho bagombaga kurwanira mu ndake. Division ya 316 y abavietminh ikigera Lai Chau byatumye Cogny ahungisha ingabo ze asubira Dien Bien Phu nkuko Jenerari Giap yari yabitekereje. Nuko mu ngabo z abafaransa 2 100 bari bahagurutse Lai Chau ku tariki 9 Ukuboza gusa abantu 185 nibo bageze Dien Bien Phu ku itariki 22 Ukuboza abandi bari bishwe cyangwa bafashwe bunyago cyangwa se bahunze.
Abafaransa bari 16 000 banafite ama tanks y intambara 10 y inyamerika za US M24 chaffee banafite 0.50 calibre machine guns mu gihe abavietminh bari bafite ingabo zisaga 50 000 mu misozi ihakikije bagize divisions 5 harimo na 351 st Heavy Division yari igizwe na artillery y ibibunda biremereye nka US M101 105mm Howitzer naza anti-aircraft artillery. Gahunda ya Jenerari Giap yari imwe y abashinwa izwi nka 'Fast Strike, Fast Victory' yaje guhindukamo 'Steady Fight, Steady Advance' aho ugota umwanzi ukamubuza amahwemo ubundi ukamusenya burundu ntacyo umusigiye. Igitero cya mbere cyagombaga kuba cya Fast Strike ku itariki 25 Mutarama 1954 i saa 5 z umugoroba kikamara iminsi 2 n amajoro 3 nyamara cyigizwa inyuma kuko intasi z abavietminh zamubwiraga ko abafaransa bari bafite aya makuru kigizwa inyuma ku itariki 26 nkwibutsa ko ibi byamumenyeshejwe ku itariki 21 Mutarama nuko tariki 26 zigeze niko gusubikwa kw igitero bitewe n impamvu nyinshi Jenerari Giap asubira mu mipango ahindura uburyo bw intambara n igihe yagombaga kubera.
Igihe cy igitero cyarageze ku itariki 13 Werurwe nibwo aba Vietminh bashozaga intambara ku bafaransa bagaba ibitero kuri Beatrice yari mu majyaruguru ashyira uburasirazuba yari igizwe na Battalion ya 3 na Demi-Brigade ya 13 ya Legion Etrangiere babarashisha ama 105mm Howitzer, ama mortiers 120mm, 75mm mountain guns, 57mm rifles n amamortiers 60mm, mortiers 81/82mm. Beatrice ntiyatinze nubwo yarigizwe n ibice bitatu byari bikoze mpande eshatu abavietminh bagize Division ya 312 bigabanyijemo regiments za 141st na 209st bahita bahafata mu masaha make ku itariki 14 mu ma saa saba hari hafashwe nuko abafaransa bahatikirira ari 350 n abandi barafatwa nuko abavietminh bahatakariza abasirikare 600 naho 1 200 baarakomereka. Nyuma y iminsi ibiri Colonel Charles Piroth w abafaransa wari wishongoye agasuzugurira mu ruhame ko artillery y abavietminh itahangara ibibunda rutura by abafaransa mu minsi mike mbere yuko ibitero byubura yananiwe gucecekesha imbunda z abavietminh niko kwiyahurisha grenade arasandara. Umunsi ukurikiyeho nyuma y itangizwa ry ibitero ikibuga cy indege cyari cyafunzwe ku itariki 13 Werurwe i saa 16:00 naho Gabrielle igwa mu maboko y abavietminh ku itariki 15 mu ma saa mbiri z igitondo nyuma yuko abafaransa bahatakarije abasirikare 1 000 naho abavietminh hagati y 1 000 na 2 000. Hahise hakurikiraho kugaba ibitero kuri Anne-Marie yaririnzwe n abasirikare b aba Tai nuko Jenerari Giap mu bugambanyi buhambaye ababwira ko iyi ntambara Atari iyabo ko bagomba kuyivamo nuko tariki 17 Werurwe haramutse igihu nibwo abenshi mu basirikare b aba Tai bahitamo kwihungira bituma ibi birindiro bigwa mu maboko y abavietminh. Hagati ya tariki 17 na 30 Werurwe mu mitwe y abafaransa harimo ubwoba no kubura ubuyobozi bw ingabo buhamye bigaragara ko Colonel de Castries adashoboye nibwo Jenerari Cogny yihaga inzira mu ndege ashaka kugwa muri Dien Bien Phu aturutse Hanoi ngo yiyoborere urugamba niko kwigizwayo n imbunda za anti-aicraft z abavietminh ahari hasigaye yari positions za Huguette, Dominique, Claudine na Eliane mu gihe Isabelle n abantu bayo bagera ku 1 809 bari bagotewe mu majyepfo. Nuko abari abagaba b ingabo mu kirere nka Commander Nicot ategeka ko indege zose zigurukira ku butumburuke bwa metero 2 000 cyangwa hejuru yahoo kugira ngo bagabanye ugutakaza kwaterwaga n ibibunda bya anti-aircrafts by abavietminh. Tariki 28 Werurwe Colonel de Castries ategeka ko hakorwa igitero ku mbunda za AA machine guns zari mu birometero 3 mu burengerazuba bwa Dien Bien Phu aho babigezeho bakanica abavietminh 350 banasenya imbunda za AA machine guns zigera muri 17 mu gihe abafaransa bapfuye bari 20 na 97 bari bakomeretse.
Tariki 30 Werurwe i saa moya zijoro nibwo 312th Division y abavietminh bafashe Dominique 1 na 2 bituma Dominique 3 ariyo iba isigaye hagati y ibirindiro bikuru by abafaransa bya Dien Bien Phu n abavietminh. Ingabo z abafaransa zabarizwaga muri 4th Colonial artillery regiment bitwaje za 105mm howitzers niko kurasa ku ba Vietminh n irindi tsinda ry ingabo z abafaransa bari hafi n ikibuga cy indege niko kurasa ku ba Vietminh n anti-aicrafts zabo bituma abavietminh basubira inyuma. Ku rundi ruhande Division ya 316 y abavietminh yafashe Eliane 1 n igice cya Eliane 2 mu rukerera rw uwo munsi mu gihe ku rundi ruhande rw uburengerazuba bwa DIen Bien Phu the 308th yataka Huguette 7 ariko ntibabasha kuyifata nyuma yuko umuseargent w umufaransa afashe ubuyobozi bw abarindaga ahita aharinda bikomeye. Ku itariki 31 nuko abafaransa batera ibigo bya Dominique 2 na Eliane 2 mu rukerera nuko bongera no kugaba ibindi kuri Eliane 1 nyamara bwongeye kugoroba abavietminh bahigaruriye. Tariki 5 Mata Jenerari Giap asumbirijwe nuko regiment imwe ye yari irimbutse niko guhita ahindura amayeri y intambara bahita bayoboka gahunda y indake. Tariki 10 nibwo abafaransa bigaruriraga Eliane 1 yari ikibazo ku mutekano wa Eliane 4. Tariki 12 abavietminh bashaka kuyigarurira ariko basubizwa inyuma. Mu matariki 14-15 na 16-17 Mata Huguette 1 yagabye ibitero ku bavietminh kugira ngo itange umusaada w imbunda n amazi kuri Huguette 6 nyamara nubwo babibashije byateye Langlais kureka Huguette 6 bitewe n inkomere bahakuye. Tariki 22 Mata abavietminh bigaruriye 90% by ikibuga cy indege bituma amaparashite y abafaransa agwa mu maboko yabo ari nako bahita bigarurira Huguette 1. Mu mpera za Mata inkambi ya Isabelle yari imaze gucika intege itagifite amasasu menshi n amazi ayishirana ariko biyishyira mu byago byo kugwa mu maboko y abavietminh.
Tariki ya mbere ukwezi kwa Gatanu nibwo abavietminh bagabaga ibitero simusiiga byo kugamburuza abafaransa bari muri Eliane 1, Dominique 3 na Huguette 5 barahigarurira ariko bananirwa kwisubiza Eliane 2. Tariki 6 z ukwa gatanu abavietminh bohereje igitero simusiga kuri Eliane 2 aribwo bakoreshaga bwa mbere za katiyusha nuko hafatwa mw ijoro ryuwo munsi. Nuko tariki 7 Jenerari Giap ategeka abavietminh basaga 25 000 gutera ibirindiro byose by abafaransa byari bisigaye birimo abafaransa basaga gato 3 000 ngo bahigarurire. I saa 17:00 nibwo Colonel de Castries yahamagaraga Jenerari Cogny amumenyesha ko abafaransa bansinzwe ko ibintu bigeze ahabi nuko Jenerari niko kumubuza kumanika amaboko ati murwane mpaka kuwa nyuma. Abafaransa babonye batsinzwe niko gutwika ibintu byose ubundi bamanika amaboko, i saa kumi n ebyiri z umugoroba hari hasigaye ahantu hamwe hazwi nka Lily hayobowe na Majoro Jean Nicholas w umufaransa ayoboye ingabo z abanyamaroke niko kuyamanika intambara irangira uko. Bigeze i 16:45 Ministre w intebe w abafaransa Joseph Laniel niko gutangaza ko abafaransa batsinzwe intambara ya mbere ya Indochina nyuma y ukwezi kumwe guverinoma ye iregura.
Amahoro y Imana abane namwe n ahubutaha!!!
Manuka hasi utubwire icyo ubuze mu inkuru kandi wifuzaga kukimenya✍ cga Igitekerezo cyawe kuri iyi nkuru umaze gusoma. Urakoze🙏
Source : https://yegob.rw/urugamba-rwa-dien-bien-phu-igice-cya-gatandatu/
