U Rwanda rwashegeshwe n’ingaruka za Covid-19, kuko ubukungu bwarwo ubusanzwe mu 2020 bwari bwitezweho kuzazamuka ku kigero cya 8%, bwazamutse ku kigero cya 2% gusa muri uwo mwaka.
Urwego rw’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda nka rumwe mu zihora zihanzwe amaso n’Abanyarwanda bose, narwo rwagezweho n’izi ngaruka cyane ko ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi byagiye bifungwa, inganda nyinshi zifunga imiryango.
Raporo y’Ibikorwa bya Guverinoma yo ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2020 igaragaza ko COVID-19 yagabanyije ubucuruzi n’akarere u Rwanda ruherereyemo (EAC na DRC) ku kigero cya 244,9%. Ibi byateje igihombo (deficit) cya miliyoni 57,7 z’Amadolari y’Amerika bivuye ku nyungu (surplus) yabaga yitezwe iyo ubucuruzi butahungabanye.
Ku rundi ruhande ariko iki cyorezo cyasize amasomo menshi kuko nko mu Rwanda, mbere yacyo [ubwo ni mu 2019] habarurwaga ibigo 10 bitanga serivisi n’ibicuruzwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga (Online), kuri ubu bikaba bimaze kugera kuri 63.
IGIHE yagiranye ikiganiro cyihariye na Hakuziyaremye Soraya uherutse kugirwa Visi Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu nyuma yo kumara imyaka irenga ibiri ari Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda, agaragaza ko uru rwego yari abereye umuyobozi ari rumwe mu zakubititse cyane kubera Covid-19.
Yagize ati “N’ubwo navuga ko urugendo rwakomeye kubera iki cyorezo cya Covid-19, tubona ko ingamba zashyizweho na guverinoma cyane cyane mu kugabanya ingaruka ku bukungu n’ubucuruzi by’umwihariko byarafashije n’ubwo ubukungu butiyongereye mu mwaka ushize ariko ni hose ku Isi.”
“Ariko tubona kuba bwarabanyutseho 0.2%, ugereranyije n’ibindi bihugu bya Afurika ubukungu bwaganyutseho 5%, ni ukuvuga ko ingamba zafashwe n’ubwo bitari byoroshye zari zikwiye tukarengera ubuzima bw’Abanyarwanda ariko n’ubucuruzi ntibuhungabane cyane n’ubwo ingaruka zabaye nyinshi.”
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyizeho Ikigega cyo kuzahura Ubukungu (ERF) mu rwego rwo kunganira ubucuruzi bwazahajwe n’ingaruka z’icyorezo cya COVID-19, kugira ngo zibashe kuzanzamuka, zisubukure ibikorwa byazo, zibungabunge umurimo, bityo bifashe gukumira ingaruka z’iki cyorezo ku bukungu.
Hakuziyaremye avuga ko iki kigega kiri mu bishobora kuzazahura ubukungu mu buryo bwa vuba ariko kikunganirwa n’uburyo bwihariye bwo kwishakamo ubushobozi bwo kugira iby’ibanze buri munyarwanda akeneye.
Akomeza agira ati “Ikindi nitumara gukora ku bwinshi ndetse n’ubwiza bwabyo […], mwanabonye ko dusigaye dukora udupfukamunwa, ni ibintu rero mbona ko tuzubakiraho uko ubukungu bwacu bazagenda butera imbere. Ikindi kizadufasha mu kuzahura ubukungu ni ugukoresha ikoranabuhanga ndetse no mu buhinzi.”
Urugendo rw’imyaka ibiri muri Minicom
Kuva tariki 18 Ukwakira 2018 kugeza kuri 15 Werurwe 2021, Soraya Hakuziyaremye yari Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda [Minicom]. Ni urugendo avuga ko rutari rworoshye ariko hari byinshi byo kwishimira by’umwihariko anashimira Umukuru w’Igihugu wamugiriye icyizere.
Hakuziyaremye yabwiye IGIHE ko mubyo yishimira muri icyo gihe amaze akuriye Minicom harimo kuba yarashoboye gukorana neza n’abikorera ndetse n’abashoramari batandukanye mu rwego rw’inganda.
Ati “Ni ibintu bishimisha iyo umuntu abona […] cyane cyane uko ubukungu bwacu bwariyongereye mu 2019. Ubufatanye bwo gukorana ari n’abakozi muri minisiteri ndetse n’izindi nzego zaba iz’abikorera byatumye gahunda ya Made in Rwanda ifata izina.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Hari byinshi bigomba gukorwa ariko numva kuba iyi gahunda yari ihari, igashyirwa mu bikorwa hakongerwa umusaruro w’ibikorerwa mu Rwanda, urwego rw’inganda rukaba ari rumwe mu rwego rukomeza kwiyongera mu gihugu.”
Imibare ya Minicom igaragaza ko mu mwaka wa 2018/2019 urwego rw’inganda rwiyongereye cyane aho mu Ugushyingo 2019, mu Rwanda habarurwaga inganda nto n’iziciriritse zirenga 800 zirimo inganda zitari zisanzwe mu Rwanda nk’izikora telefoni, iziteranya imodoka n’izindi nini.
Icyo gihe Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi yagaragazaga ko urwego rw’inganda rufite uruhare rwa 17% ku musaruro mbumbe w’igihugu.
Mu myaka ibiri ishize havuguruwe politiki y’uko ubucuruzi bw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli buzagenda mu myaka 10 iri imbere ndetse na politiki yo gufasha ba rwiyemezamirimo, ibafasha gukuraho ingorane nyinshi zibugarije harimo izerekeranye n’imicungire, kubona imari, uruhererekane rw’agaciro, n’imikoreshereze y’ikoranabuhanga ndetse n’imiyoboro yaryo. Ibi bizashoboka binyuze mu ngamba za politiki zigamije gutanga ibisubizo kuri izo ngorane.
Hakuziyaremye avuga kandi ko mu bindi byagezweho n’uru rwego mu myaka ibiri ishize harimo ibiganiro byagiye bikorwa mu rwego rwo kwitegura itangira ry’isoko rusange rya Afurika ryatangiye muri Mutarama 2021.
Avuga kandi ko kugeza uyu munsi u Rwanda ruri mu bihugu byiteguye kuko rusanzwe rufite ibicuruzwa byo mu Rwanda bicuruzwa ku masoko mpuzamahanga.
Ati “Icyiza ni uko u Rwanda turi igihugu kiri mu bya mbere byashatse iryo soko ndetse tuza no mu basinye amasezerano arishyiraho mbere. Dufite ibintu byinshi twohereza mu mahanga ariko usanga ibihugu bya Afurika tutarabyitayeho cyane ariko ni ukubera imisoro ducibwa cyangwa izindi mbogamizi mu bucuruzi usanga mu buhahirane bw’ibihugu bya Afurika hagikenewe gushyirwamo imbaraga kugira ngo tubashe guhahirana.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Mubyo dufite twohereza hari ibikorerwa mu nganda birimo ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi ndetse n’ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi nk’amata, kawunga, ifarini nabyo bikorerwa mu Rwanda kandi byoherezwa mu bihugu bya Afurika.”
Hakuziyaremye avuga ko u Rwanda rufite icyayi cyiza ndetse n’ikawa n’ubwo byoherezwa I Burayi, Aziya na Amerika ariko usanga n’ibihugu byo muri Afurika biba bibishaka ku buryo isoko rusange rya Afurika rigomba gufasha mu korohereza ibyo bihugu.
Imigabo n’imigambi ajyanye muri BNR ni yose…
Ku wa 15 Werurwe 2021, Ubwo imyaka itatu yaburaga igihe gito ngo yuzure, nibwo Umukuru w’Igihugu yongeye kugirira icyizere Soraya Hakuziyaremye amugira Visi Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda.
Hakuziyaremye avuga ko n’ubusanzwe BNR ari urwego rureberera ubukungu bw’igihugu, kandi igatanga inama z’aho ibona uru rwego rugomba kwitabwaho. Ibi ngo ni ibizatuma mu nshingano ze za buri munsi akomeza gukorana bya hafi n’abo mu rwego rw’inganda n’ubucuruzi.
Mu bindi ashyize imbere harimo gukorana cyane cyane n’ Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’i Kigali gishinzwe Ibikorwa by’Ubucuruzi n’Imari, KIFC (Kigali International Financial Center), mu kuzana abashoramari benshi mu rwego rw’imari.
Ati “Ndetse n’ibigo by’imari bishobora gufasha abikorera kugera ku bushobozi cyangwa kubona amafaranga ahendutse. Numva ari ikintu numva mu bikorwa nakoraga nkorana bya hafi n’abikorera ari ikintu nzakomeza kwitaho.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Kandi no muri BNR twari dusanzwe dukorana bikaba ari ikintu kinshimishije gukomeza gukorera igihugu muri urwo rwego.”
Hakuziyaremye avuga kandi ko urwego rw’amabanki mu Rwanda rugeze ku kigero gishimishije bishingiye ku mavugurura atandukanye yagiye akorwa ari nawo murongo yumva azafatanya n’abo azakorana nabo barimo Guverineri wa BNR.
Incamake ku rugendo rw’ubuzima rwa Soraya
Hakuziyaremye Soraya yavukiye i Bruxelles ariko nyuma ubwo yari amaze kugira imyaka itanu ababyeyi be bagaruka mu Rwanda ari naho yakuriye ahiga amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye.
Amashuri abanza yayize kuri APE Rugunga ari naho avuga ko yigiye Ikinyarwanda, nyuma aza kuhava akomereza muri Ecole Belge de Kigali aho yigaga imibare n’ubugenge.
Yize muri Kaminuza zirimo Université Libre de Bruxelles, aho yize ubucuruzi yibanda cyane ku bijyanye n’imari, aha yahakuye impamyabumenyi ya Engeniorat commercial. Yaje gukomeza kwiga gucunga ibigo mpuzamahanga muri kaminuza ya Thunderbird School of Global Management yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Yakoze muri Banki zikomeye ku rwego rw’Isi zirimo BNP Paribas i Paris anaba umuyobozi muri Fortis Bank i Bruxelles.
Mu 2012 nibwo yagarutse mu Rwanda agirwa Umujyanama Mukuru wa Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga. Mu 2014, yashinze ikigo gishinzwe gutanga inama mu bijyanye n’imari ariko mu 2016, aza gusubira mu gukora mu mabanki aza no kuba Visi Perezida w’ikigo gishinzwe gukurikirana imikorere y’ibigo by’imari, muri ING Bank i Londres.
Yagiye anakora mu yindi mirimo itandukanye, yose ifite aho ihuriye n’iterambere ry’urwego rw’imari .
Hakuziyaremye avuga ko kuva mu bwana bwe yakundaga kwiga cyane kandi abona ari imwe mu ntwaro zamufashije kugera ku rwego ariho.
Ati “Abantu benshi bageze muri izi nshingano akenshi usanga ari umuhate no kwiga cyane. Nagize amahirwe yo kuba umwana wakundaga kwiga cyane n’inshuti nagiraga babonaga mpora mu makayi. Ikindi ni umuhate no gushaka kumenya.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Hari igihe umuntu ashobora kuvuga uko byagenze ukagira ngo biroroshye ariko njyewe nagiye mpura n’abantu banca intege ariko umuntu ntabwo agomba gucika intege ahubwo nakoresheje ubushobozi mfite.”
Hakuziyaremye agira urubyiruko by’umwihariko abana b’abakobwa kwirinda ibibaca intege bityo bagategura ahazaza habo.
