Iki gitabo cyanditswe mu ndirimbo eshatu [Ikinyarwanda, Igifaransa n’Icyongereza], cyahawe umutwe ugira uti ‘Rwanda 1991-1994: Itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda’.
Ni igitabo cyamuritswe kuri uyu wa Mbere tariki 8 Werurwe, mu gihe abanyarwanda bitegura kwifatanya n’Isi mu bikorwa byo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 27 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi biteganyijwe gutangira ku wa 7 Mata 2021.
Iki gitabo gikubiyemo ibice bitanu, icya mbere gisobanura bimwe mu bikorwa byaranze itegurwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kuva muri 1991 no mu myaka yakurikiyeho kugeza tariki ya 7 Mata, 1994. Igice cya kabiri cyerekana uburyo Jenoside yashyizwe mu bikorwa. Igice cya gatatu cyerekana uruhare rwa bamwe mu bari bagize Leta y’abicanyi.
Igice cya kane cyerekana umwihariko w’abaganga n’abandi bakozi bo mu bitaro mu kurimbura Abatutsi, igice cya gatanu cyerekana uburyo Umuryango w’Abibumbye watinze kwemeza ko mu Rwanda hari Jenoside irimo gukorerwa Abatutsi, nyuma ukaza kubyemeza nyuma y’impaka nyinshi.
Mu muhango wo kumurika iki gitabo, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa CNLG, Dr Bizimana Jean Damascène yavuze ko undi mwihariko w’iki gitabo ari uko kigaragaza uko Jenoside yagiye ikorwa itariki ku yindi, guhera tariki 7 Mata 1994, buri munsi na buri hantu.
Ati “Icyo nicyo kintu navuga gishya kuko kugeza uyu munsi ibitabo byinshi byanditswe bivuga ku mateka ya Jenoside ariko nta gitabo cyari cyashobora gukusanya amakuru n’ubushakashatsi buvuga kuri Jenoside mu gihugu imbere buri hantu habereye ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi kugira ngo tugaragaze iby’ingenzi byaburanze.”
Umwihariko wa Leta mu gutegura no gukora Jenoside
Muri iki gitabo hagarukwa ku buryo bw’umwihariko ishyirwaho rya Komite iyobora ibikorwa bya Auto-defense civile yagiyeho muri Mutarama 1992, igomba gukurikirana ibikorwa byo guha abaturage intwaro n’imyitozo ya gisirikare.
Kandi hagati ya Mutarama 1993 na Werurwe 1994, haguzwe toni 581 z’imihoro zinjijwe mu Rwanda, iyo mihoro yakwirakwijwe mu baturage ikoreshwa Jenoside.
Dr Bizimana yakomeje agira ati “Auto-defense civile, ni igikorwa cyo gutegura kwica Abatutsi, igitekerezo gitangwa na Perezida Habyarimana ubwe mu 1991, amaze gutanga icyo gitekerezo cy’uko hashyirwaho uburyo abaturage bahabwa intwaro n’imyitozo […] icyo gikorwa cyarakozwe haba mu kugitegura.”
“Ariko bigeze muri jenoside nyir’izina, Guverinoma igifata nk’igikorwa cyayo cyihariye, abaminisitiri bahabwa uburyo bwo gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Auto-defense civile muri za perefegitura zitandukanye ku buryo buri mu minisitiri yamanutse akajya kuba muri perefegitura ashinzwe kugira ngo jenoside ishobora gukorwa mu buryo bwose kandi bwihuse anarebe n’ibikenewe kugira ngo jenoside yihute.”
Yavuze kandi ko Guverinoma y’abicanyi yakomeje gushaka uburyo yagura intwaro zo gukoresha ku rugamba no kwica Abatutsi.
Muri politiki yayo yo gutsemba Abatutsi hakoreshejwe icyiswe “Auto-Defense Civile”, gahunda ngome yo kwinjiza abaturage benshi b’Abahutu mu bwicanyi, ikaba yaratanzwemo intwaro ndetse n’amafaranga kugira ngo kwica Abatutsi byihutishwe bityo aho FPR izajya igera hose ijye isanga Abatutsi barashize.
Muri iki gitabo kandi hibanzwe ku kureba inzego za leta by’umwihariko izifite ubuzima mu nshingano arizo abaganga, abaforomo n’abaforomokazi.
CNLG igaragaza ko kimwe mu biranga ubukana bwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994, ari uko nta hantu na hamwe abicanyi batakoreye Jenoside, haba muri za Kiliziya, mu nsengero no mu mavuriro.
Ikiremereye kurushaho ni uko na bamwe mu bari bashinzwe kurengera ubuzima bw’abantu, harimo abaganga babirahiriye mu mwuga wabo, aribo babaye ku isonga yo gukora Jenoside, cyane cyane mu bitaro, mu bigo nderabuzima no mu mavuriro.
Benshi mu baganga, abaforomo n’abakozi b’ibitaro n’ibigo nderabuzima bishe Abatutsi bari bahahungiye, abandi bagiye mu bitero no gutanga amabwiriza yo kwica. Ubu bwicanyi bwakorewe hose mu Rwanda.
Mu gihugu hose, umubare w’abaganga bamenyekanye bakoze Jenoside ni 59 barimo 25 bakoreye Jenoside mu Mujyi wa Butare. Naho umubare wose w’abaforomo n’abakozi bo mu bitaro no mu bigo nderabuzima bakoze Jenoside bashoboye kumenyekana ni 74 harimo 31 bayikoreye i Butare.
Dr Bizimana ati “Muri jenoside nta hantu na hamwe abantu bahungiye ngo bareke kuhicirwa, twagize igice duharira abaganga, abaforomo n’abandi bakozi bo mu bitaro kugira ngo twerekane ko ububi Jenoside kuko nta hantu na hamwe abatutsi bashoboraga guhungira ngo bahabonere amaramuko no kubarengera.”
Muri iki gitabo kandi hagarukwa ku buryo Umuryango w’Abibumbye watinze kwemeza ko Abatutsi mu Rwanda barimo gukorerwa Jenoside. Inama y’Umutekano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yari yakomeje kwirengagiza ikibazo cya Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi kuva tariki ya 7 Mata 1994, ndetse iza no kugabanya ubushobozi buhabwa MINUAR iyisigira gusa abasirikare 250.
Hakomeje impaka z’urudaca, bimwe mu bihugu by’ibihangange, nk’u Bufaransa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, byanga ko ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi mu Rwanda bwari Jenoside kandi nyamara byarahabwaga amakuru nyayo.
Tariki ya 25 Gicurasi 1994, Boutros Boutros-Ghali wari Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’ Abibumbye yemeje ko ubwicanyi bubera mu Rwanda ari Jenoside.
Dr Bizimana yavuze ko byaje gushimangirwa na René Degni Segui, impuguke ya Komisiyo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu, avuye gukora iperereza mu Rwanda akemeza ko Abatutsi bari mo gukorerwa Jenoside.
CNLG itangaza ko iki gitabo gifite amapaji agera kuri 400, kizagezwa hirya no hino mu gihugu kugira ngo kizafashe abanyarwanda bose by’umwihariko mu bihe by’iminsi 100 yo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Amafoto: Niyonzima Moise
Video: Mbabazi Jean de Dieu
