Muri icyo gihugu kandi iyo raporo yagaragaje ko abagore 60% bafite hagati y’imyaka 15 na 49 bahuye n’ihohoterwa mu gihe kandi 70% by’abagore bagaragaje ko babona umugabo nk’ugomba gukubita umugore we gusa.
Umuryango Mpuzamahanga uhuje ibihugu bigamije imikoranire yo kuzamura ubukungu, OECD, mu 2019, wagaragazaga ko muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika aho umugabo yinjiza $1 nk’igihembo cy’umurimo yakoze, umugore aba yinjije 0.82$, bivuze ko umugabo n’umugore bakora akazi kamwe ntabwo bahembwa amafaranga angana.
Ibihugu nka Estonia, u Buyapani n’ibindi byinshi usanga bifite ikinyuranyo gikomeye cy’umushahara hagati y’umugore n’umugabo ndetse hari n’aho amategeko yashyizweho abigena gutyo.
Mu bihugu byinshi ku Isi, usanga abagore bagize umubare munini w’abaturage ariko bagakumirwa, ntihababwe uburenganzira bwabo uko bikwiye, politiki nziza n’imyanzuro bitandukanye bigamije kurengera umugore biguma mu magambo ntibijye mu bikorwa.
Amateka agaragaza ingero nyinshi z’uburyo umugore yasigajwe inyuma aho usanga nk’uburenganzira bw’ibanze nko gutora atangiye kubugira mu myaka ya 1908 [aha ni muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika], mu Bushinwa umugore atangiye gutora mu 1943, muri Arabie Saoudite umugore yemerewe gutora mu 2015, naho muri iki gihugu uburenganzira bwo kujya kureba umupira muri stade babuhawe mu 2017, mu gihe gutwara imodoka abuhawe ejo bundi mu 2018.
Imiterere y’umuryango w’abantu, imibanire y’abantu ku Isi yose usanga ubutware cyangwa ubutegetsi ari ubw’umugabo, ugasanga umugabo ari byose, umwana yavuka akaba ariwe bamwitirira, agacunga umutungo w’urugo. Muri rusange ugasanga umuryango wubakiye ku mugabo.
Mu muryango nabwo usanga umukobwa yaragiye amenya ubwenge atozwa ibyo agenewe, ugasanga ibyo abahungu bagenewe ni ibibaha uburenganzira bwisumbuye ku bakobwa.
Ibi no mu Rwanda birigaragaza aho nka mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi wasangaga umugore atemerewe ibirimo no gufunguza konti muri banki, bivuze ko yafatwaga nk’umwana utarageza imyaka y’ubukure.
Abaharanira uburenganzira bw’abagore n’uburinganire bwabo n’abagabo bagaragaza ko nta terambere ryagerwaho haba mu muryango cyangwa mu bihugu mu gihe abagore n’abagabo baba batabigizemo uruhare kandi rungana.
Umugenzuzi Mukuru w’iyubahirizwa ry’ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu Rwanda (GMO), Rose Rwabuhihi, iyo abagore bahawe umwanya bagira uruhare mu bukungu n’iterambere ry’ibihugu.
Mu kiganiro aherutse kugirana na RBA, yavuze ko kugeza uyu munsi n’ubwo hari intambwe yatewe mu guharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore hari ibihugu byinshi bitamuha uburenganzira.
Ati “Hari ibihugu byinshi umukobwa atarahabwa uburenganzira bwo kujya ku ishuri, umugore ataragira uburenganzira ku mutungo, akivutswa uburenganzira bw’ibanze, hari ibihugu byinshi biri mu ntambara ukagira uko nta burenganzira ufite bigakubitana n’uko hari intambara, urumva kugira ngo umuntu nk’uwo azahuke agire icyo akora yiteze imbere, ni ibintu biri kure.”
Rwabuhihi agaragaza ko n’ubwo hari ibihugu bike birimo n’u Rwanda bikomeje guharanira ko abakobwa n’abahungu bagira uburenganzira bungana, hari ibindi byinshi ku Isi bigitsikamira uburenganzira bw’umugore.
Hari abagabo banze kurekura
Imibare y’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe Abagore yo mu 2019, igaragaza ko ku isi hose, abagore barenga miliyari 2.7 babujijwe n’amategeko guhitamo imirimo nk’iy’abagabo.
Umushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye hagati y’umugabo n’umugore, John Mutamba, yavuze ko iki kibazo kiremereye kandi Isi yose ikwiye kukigira icyayo.
Agaragaza ko hari abantu bamwe bafite inyungu mu gukora ibishoboka byose ngo umugore atagera ku iterambere nk’iry’umugabo ari nayo mpamvu ushaka hakiri ikibazo mu kugera ku buringanire bwuzuye.
Ati “Iki kibazo ni ikibazo gifite uburemere, ni ikibazo cy’Isi, ariko usanga abantu bagica hejuru kuko hari abantu baba barabigizemo inyungu igihe kinini ariko urebye niba 60% by’abagore bari mu bukungu butanditse cyangwa butabyara inyungu […] Reka mfate nk’urugero, iyo ugeze mu Mujyi wa Kigali, wari wahura n’umugabo wikoreye agataro k’imineke? Burya rero imibereho y’abantu ni ubukungu.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Mu gusesengura, ese kuki ibi bibazo bikomeje kugaruka? politiki nziza zagiyeho, amategeko meza arahari, njye nasanze ikibazo gishingiye ku busumbane hagati y’abagabo n’abagore, igihe kinini cyakomeje gufatwa nk’ikibazo cy’abagore gusa.”
“Mbona iki kibazo abantu barakomeje kujya bakinyura hejuru, bitana ba mwana. Hari urundi rwego dukwiriye kugeraho kuko imitandukanire y’abantu ntabwo yakabaye izana ibibazo, kuba umugore n’umugabo bafite inshingano zitandukanye ahubwo zuzuzanya ni amahirwe.”
Impirimbanyi y’uburenganzira, iterambere ry’abagore n’uburinganire, akaba n’Umuyobozi w’Umuryango Paper Crown Rwanda, Nyirarukundo Clementine, yavuze ko hari bamwe mu bagabo banze kurekura ibyo amateka yari yarabahaye kandi ku ruhande rumwe bihonyora uburenganzira bw’abagore.
Ati “Impamvu ubona ibintu bidahinduka ni abantu batarekura ni uko harimo igice kimwe kibyungukiramo [abagabo] kuko niba umugabo ari wowe mutware mu rugo, ukaba ari wowe utegeka, ugatwara izina ry’umuryango, akaba wowe bubaha mu muryango, ari nawe uzazungura, ndagira ngo wumve ububasha uwo muntu afite.”
Akomeza agira ati “Uko ugenda urekura ububasha rero ni ko hari inyungu zimwe ugenda utakaza, ngira ngo ni nayo mpamvu n’ubwo amategeko ahari, rimwe na rimwe babyitirira umuco bakavuga ngo oya ni umuco ntibyavaho. Ariko se ibyo bintu [kugira uburinganire] hari ingaruka bizana? Ese tubyirengagize dukomeze dushyire inyungu za bamwe imbere?”
U Rwanda ruhagaze gute?
Urugendo rwo guteza imbere umugore haherewe ku kumuha uburenganzira bw’ibanze rutangira mu myaka ya nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ubwo ubuyobozi bw’igihugu bwatangiraga kucyubakira ku iterambere ridaheza aho buri munyarwanda wese agomba kubigiramo uruhare.
Politiki nziza n’amategeko byashyizweho ndetse biva mu magambo bijya mu bikorwa nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo zaba izikorerwa mu Rwanda ndetse n’izikorwa n’imiryango mpuzamahanga ku rwego rw’Isi.
U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cyonyine cyo muri Afurika kiza mu bihugu 10 bya mbere mu kuziba icyuho cy’ubusumbane hagati y’abagore n’abagabo nk’uko bigaragazwa na Raporo y’Ihuriro Mpuzamahanga ry’Ubukungu, World Economic Forum 2020.’
Muri iyo raporo kandi u Rwanda rwashyizwe ku mwanya wa kane mu cyiciro cya politiki hagendewe ku mubare munini w’abagore bari mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ndetse no muri Guverinoma.
Ibi byose u Rwanda rwabigezeho mu gihe hirya no hino ku Isi bagishakisha icyakorwa ngo ubiringanire n’ubwuzuzanye hagati y’umugabo n’umugore bigerweho. Mu Rwanda abagore bari mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko bageze kuri 61.3%.
Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda riteganya ko mu nzego z’ubuyobozi bwa Leta abagore bagomba kuba nibura 30% cyangwa kuzamura.
Imibare ya ‘GMO’ yo mu 2019, igaragaza ko imibare y’abagore yagiye izamuka mu bagize guverinoma (53% ubu), Abayobozo b’Intara enye umwe muri bane ni umugore.
Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, Minaloc, igaragaza ko muri manda y’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze iri kurangira, abagore bari ku mwanya w’Umuyobozi w’Uturere n’Umujyi wa Kigali [Meya], ari ni 30% mu gihe muri rusange za Komite Nyobozi z’Uturere, abagore ari 42% naho mu Nama Njyanama z’Uturere ari 44.9%.
