Leta y’u Rwanda yagiye ishyiraho ingamba n’amategeko bigamije guteza imbere umugore no kumwubakira ubushobozi mu ngeri zose, gusa mu bijyanye n’abikorera birasa n’aho bitarumvikana neza nk’uko bimeze mu nzego za Leta.
Uretse kuba umugore yarahawe agaciro yari yarambuwe mu gufata ibyemezo, inzego z’ubuvuzi, uburezi, ubwubatsi n’ibindi, abagore bashishikarizwa kwihangira imirimo kugira ngo bigire kandi be gutegera amaboko iteka ku bagabo babo ahubwo bafatanye mu iterambere.
Raporo ya Migeprof ivuguruye ya 2021 igaragaza ko hakiri icyuho mu mirimo imwe n’imwe kuko hakigaragaramo umubare muto w’abagore, byagera kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo bikaba ibindi.
Iyi raporo ivuga ko abagore batinyutse kwikorera ku giti cyabo mu mijyi bangana na 45% mu gihe mu bice by’icyaro bangana na 17%.
Migeprof yatangaje ko kuba abagore bo mu bice by’icyaro bataraba benshi mu cyiciro cy’abikorera biterwa ahanini n’imyumvire ikire hasi no kwitinya kuri bamwe.
Umukozi ushinzwe Uburinganire bw’ibanze n’ubukungu muri MIGEPROF, Ntagozera Emmanuel yavuze ko mu bituma ba rwiyemezamirimo b’abagore mu cyaro bakiri bake harimo n’imirimo bakora badahemberwa.
Ati "Mu cyaro umugore aracyafite inshingano nyinshi zimureba mu rugo( unpaid care work) zituma atitabira uko bikwiye gahunda z’iterambere harimo no kwihangira imirimo, imyumvire n’ubumenyi bidahagije ku ihame ry’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umugore muri rusange."
Ntagozera yakomeje avuga ko kugira ngo ibi bikemuke hakenewe n’uruhare rw’abagabo mu kuzamura abagore.
Ati "Ikibazo cy’ubukene bukigaragara cyane cyane mu bagore nabyo ni imwe mu mbogamizi zituma batikorera, ariko hakenewe uruhare rw’abagabo mu gufasha kugirira abagore icyizere cyo gukora imishinga no gufatanya mu kubona ingwate mu gusaba inguzanyo."
Ntagozera kandi yagaragaje ko ahanini usanga abagore mu bice by’icyaro bagana iy’ubuhinzi buciriritse kandi ubuhinzi bwabo budashingiye ku iterambere uretse gutunga umuryango gusa.
Kuba abagabo bikorera bakiri ku kigero cya 83% mu bice by’icyaro naho abagore bakaba bangana na 17% bigaragaza ko abagabo bagifite imyumvire yo kuba banyamwigendaho ariho Ntagozera ahera avuga ko mu iterambere ry’umuryango bose bakwiye gufatanya.
Ati "Mu Kinyarwanda baca umugani ngo inkingi imwe ntigera inzu kandi ngo abishyize hamwe nta kibananira, niyo mpamvu ubufatanye bw’abagize umuryango bukwiye muri byose, nta n’umwe uvunishije undi kugira ngo tugere ku muryango utekanye kandi uteye imbere."
Migeprof kandi isanga kugira ngo imyumvire nk’iyi ikigaragara icike burundu bikwiye ko bakomeza kwigisha abakiri bato, abahungu n’abakobwa kugira ngo bakure bafatanya muri byose cyane cyane abitegura gushinga ingo.
Gukomeza gukora no gukwirakwiza imfashanyigisho zisobanura ihame ry’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’abagore n’abakobwa ngo nibyo bizafasha mu kurandura iki kibazo burundu.
Mu bindi byagaragajwe bikidindiza umugore ni uko kuba 83% by’ingo mu Rwanda bigikoresha ibikomoka ku biti mu guteka bituma umugoe atabasha kubona uko yiteza imbere.
Ikibazo cy’uburinganire mu bikorera kiracyari ingutu
Uretse muri cyaro muri rusange imibare igaragaza ko umubare w’abagore ba rwiyemezamirimo cyangwa se bari mu nzego z’abikorera ukiri muto
Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2018 ku bijyanye n’abakozi mu nzego zitandukanye z’abikorera bwagaragaje ko mu bakozi bose, abagore bafite ubwiganze bugera kuri 44.8%, gusa muri aba 28% nibo bari mu myanya y’ubuyobozi mu bigo bitandukanye, abandi usanga bafite imirimo yoroheje nko gukora amasuku no gucururiza abandi.
Zimwe mu nzego z’abikorera hari aho usanga umubare w’abagore uri hasi cyane nk’aho mu bijyanye n’ubucukuzi na mine bangana na 6% mu gihe abagabo ari 94%, mu bwikorezi ho bangana na 3% mu gihe abagabo ari 97%, mu bijyanye n’amakuru n’itumanaho abagore bangana 26% abagabo 74%.
Si muri izi inzego z’abikorera gusa umubare w’abagore ukiri muto kuko n’iyo ugeze mu bijyanye n’imirimo ya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga usanga abagore ari 31% mu gihe abagabo ari 69%.
Imibare y’abagore itangira kuzamuka iyo bigeze mu mirimo y’ubuhinzi n’iyo mu rugo isanzwe.
Mu kiganiro IGIHE yagiranye n’Umuyobozi w’Urugaga rw’Abikorera, Robert Bafakulera mu 2020 yavuze koko ko hari ikibazo cy’umubare muto w’abagore bari mu nzego z’abikorera.
Yagize ati “Turabibona nko mu bwikorezi ni bake cyane, mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ni bake cyane noneho wagenda ugasanga ahandi hataba inyungu nyinshi ni benshi cyane nko mu buhinzi n’ibindi […] nk’abikorera icyo cy’uho twarakibonye icyo dukora ni ugukangurira abagore tukabereka ko ntaho bahejwe.”
Yakomeje avuga ko kuba abagore batagaragara muri iyi mirimo ko atari uko badashoboye.
Ati “Usanga bashoboye ariko ahanini usanga batarabyitabiriye wenda n’uko batigeze babona bagenzi babo babikora ngo babone ko babishobora ariko tumaze kubona abagore bashobora gutwara amakamyo nk’uko abagabo bayatwara, abagore bashoboye gutwara taxi nk’uko abagabo bazitwara, ahubwo ikibura ni ukubakangurira ko buri wese yabishobora n’abagabo tukabakangurira ko n’abagore babishoboye.”
Mu rwego rwo kuziba iki cy’uho cy’ubusumbane bw’abagore n’abagabo mu nzego z’abikorera, Bapfakulera yavuze ko PSF yatangije gahunda y’imyaka itanu ifatanyije n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa batandukanye hagamijwe kureba inzitizi abagore bagira no kubafasha kugaragara cyane mu nzego z’abikorera.
