Kumva Umunyarwanda yirahirirwa guhashya umwanzi w’igihugu kirimo imvururu kuva mu 2013 ndetse zatumye 25% by’abaturage bava mu byabo, ni intsinzi n’ibigwi kuri RDF, ariko ni n’ikimenyetso cy’imikoranire myiza hagati y’ibihugu byombi.
Hari benshi bamenye ko Centrafrique ifitanye umubano n’u Rwanda ari uko bumvise ko ingabo za RDF ziri ku isonga mu zahamagajwe ngo zifashe gucunga umutekano mu bihe by’amage muri icyo gihugu.
Nyamara ibi bihugu ntabwo bihujwe n’aya matora ya 2020, ahubwo hari indi mikoranire byari bisanzwe bifitanye nubwo bamwe batayimenye, ahanini bishingiye ku kuba Centrafrique idafite izina rikomeye mu ruhando mpuzamahanga.
Ni igihugu cyihagazeho ku mutungo kamere, ariko intambara z’urudaca n’ubukene bikirangwamo ni byo bikunze gutuma izina ryacyo ritubahwa nk’uko amazina y’ibindi bihugu bikungahaye ku mutungo kamere bubahwa.
Ibihugu byombi bihurira ku kuba bidakora ku nyanja, gusa ugiye kureba nko ku buso usanga icyo gihugu gikubye u Rwanda inshuro 23.6 mu bunini, mu gihe u Rwanda rufite abaturage bakubye aba Centrafrique inshuro 2.6.
Na none urebye ku bijyanye n’umutungo kamere, u Rwanda rucukura amabuye y’agaciro make arimo Cassiterite, Coltan, Wolfram, Zahabu n’andi make mu gihe Centrafrique yo ikungahaye ku butare bwa Uranium, ibikomoka kuri Peteroli (crude oil), amabuye arimo Zahabu, Diamant, Cobalt na Lumber.
Nubwo icyo gihugu kiri mu bifite umutungo kamere mwinshi, gishyirwa ku mwanya wa 166 mu bihugu 167 bifite ubukungu buhagaze neza mu Isi, mu gihe u Rwanda ari urwa 104 kuri urwo rutonde rwa Legatum Prosperity index 2020.
Icyo gihugu kandi umusaruro mbumbe (GDP) wacyo wabarirwaga muri miliyari 2.3$ mu Ukwakira 2020, naho GDP y’u Rwanda muri icyo gihe yari miliyari 10.4$, nk’uko Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (International Monetary Fund) kibigaragaza.
Bigaragara ko harimo ikinyuranyo kinini ku buryo abatazi neza ibi bihugu bakeka ko u Rwanda rufite umutungo kamere mwinshi kurusha Centrafrique ariko si ko biri; ahubwo abasesenguzi bagaragaza ko ibibazo uruhuri icyo gihugu gihoramo kuva cyabona ubwigenge biri mu bidindiza ubukungu bwacyo.
Centrafrique kuva yakwigobotora ingoma ya gikoroni mu 1960, yaranzwe n’akaduruvayo n’imvururu za politiki, iby’amadini [Abayisilamu n’Abakirisitu], ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi rya hato na hato mu bihe bitandukanye ndetse n’ibibazo by’amoko.
Ibyo ni bimwe mu byo abasesenguzi bagaragaza nk’ibyatumye itabasha kwiyubaka ku rwego rushimishije nk’ibindi bihugu bifite umutungo kamere utubutse.
Nubwo u Rwanda narwo rufite amateka yihariye ndetse ashaririye rwanyuzemo, nyuma y’amateka mabi rwubatse urwego rw’umutekano, ikintu cyabaye inkingi ya mwamba mu kuzahura izindi nzego z’ubuzima bw’igihugu.
Ubu rwahindutse intangarugero mu bikorwa binyuranye nk’umutekano, kugira umuvuduko mu kuzamura ubukungu, guteza imbere uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye n’ibindi.
Ibihugu byombi kandi bihuriye mu miryango mpuzamahanga ine irimo Afurika yunze Ubumwe (AU), Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UN), Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ibihugu bikoresha Igifaransa (OIF), n’Umuryango wunze Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu bya Afurika yo Hagati (ECCAS).
Umubano w’ibihugu umaze igihe kitari kinini ukomeye
Amateka y’umubano w’u Rwanda na Centrafrique agaragaza ko umaze igihe kitari kirekire ugize ingufu, kuko mu myaka yabanje nta bufatanye bwihariye ibihugu byari bifite.
Ugushyirahamwe kw’ibihugu byombi kwageze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu myaka mike ishize y’ubuyobozi bwa Perezida Kagame.
Inzobere mu bya politiki n’umubano mpuzamahanga akaba n’Umwarimu muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, Dr. Ismaël Buchanan, yavuze ko mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ibihugu byombi bitari bifite umubano wihariye nk’uw’uyu munsi.
Ati” Ntabwo wavuga ko hatari imibanire ariko ntiyari ikomeye cyane. Kubera ko [u Rwanda na Centrafrique] byose byari ibihugu bya Afurika kandi bihurira mu muryango umwe wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe (AU), urabyumva imibanire ntiyaburaga. Ariko nyine ntabwo ari ya mibanire wavuga ko byari bizwi mu mateka.”
Dr. Buchanan yakomeje avuga ko muri iyo myaka ibihugu bya Afurika byinshi bitakunze kurangwa n’ubufatanye, aho buri kimwe wasangaga kiri muri gahunda zacyo, mbese ari nyamwigendaho.
Ati “Kera n’ibihugu byari bya nyamwigendaho cyane, ariko ubu urabona ko bigenda bifatanya mu bibazo byose. Iyo kimwe kigize ikibazo, kigenzi cyacyo kiba gishaka kugifasha no kumenya uko kibayeho. Ubu rero twavuga ko umubano ari bwo uri hejuru cyane.”
Mu bituma abayobozi b’ibihugu byombi bahuza bikaba byakomeza umubano, iyo nzobere isanga harimo kuba bombi bashaka kuzamura ibihugu byabo, kuzamura abaturage, guharanira amahoro, ndetse bagamije no guteza imbere ibihugu bayoboye.
Imigenderanire n’ubutwererane hagati y’ibihugu
Kuwa 15 Ukwakira 2019, ni bwo Perezida w’ u Rwanda Paul Kagame yagiriye uruzinduko rwe rwa mbere i Bangui muri Centrafrique, ndetse ahabwa igikombe cya Grand Croix de la Reconnaissance, gihabwa umuntu wagize uruhare mu kuzana impinduka muri icyo gihugu.
Ni uruzinduko yajyanyemo na bamwe mu bagize Guverinoma barimo Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi; ushinzwe mine, gaz na peteroli; Minisitiri w’Ingabo ndetse na bamwe mu bahagarariye abikorera.
Urwo ruzinduko rwaje rukurikiye urwa mugenzi we wa Centrafrique, Faustin Archange Touadera, yagiriye i Kigali ku wa 3 Nyakanga 2019, mu kwifatanya n’abanyarwanda kwizihiza ku nshuro ya 25 umunsi wo kwibohora, wizihizwa buri wa 4 Nyakanga.
Perezida Touadera kandi Abanyarwanda bamuzi mu bikorwa byo kunamira inzirakarengane zazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, aho mu 2016 no mu 2019 yasuye Urwibutso rwa Kigali ruri ku Gisozi.
Mu 2018 ubwo u Rwanda rwibukaga Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ku nshuro ya 24, Touadera yifatanyije n’ingabo n’abapolisi b’Abanyarwanda bacunga umutekano mu gihugu cye, mu bikorwa bari bateguye byo kwibuka.
Uretse ibikorwa byo gusura aba bakuru b’ibihugu bagiye bakora, u Rwanda nta ntumwa iruhagarariye cyangwa Ambasade rufite muri Centrafrique. Icyakora icyo gihugu cyo gifite ugihagarariye i Kigali.
Imikoranire y’ibihugu byombi mu by’ubukungu n’ubuhahirane
Ubwo perezida Kagame yasuraga Centrafrique mu 2019, RFI yatangaje ko mu byari bimujyanye we n’itsinda rya bamwe mu bagize guverinoma n’abikorera, harimo gusinya amasezerano y’imikoranire mu by’ubukungu n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli.
Nk’uko byagaragajwe hejuru, Centrafrique ifite umutungo kamere uhambaye, bityo u Rwanda rukaba rushobora kungukira mu mikoranire n’icyo gihugu mu bijyanye n’ubucukuzi bwawo.
Ku wa 15 Ukwakira 2019, ni bwo ibihugu byombi byasinye amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu ngeri zavuzwe haruguru, hagamijwe kongera ubufatanye no gukorera hamwe kw’ibihugu byombi.
Amaze gushyira umukono kuri ayo masezerano i Bangui, Perezida Kagame yavuze ko ayo masezerano ari igice gishya cy’ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu byombi.
Yagize ati” Uyu munsi twasinye amasezerano y’ingenzi, asaba ko impande zombi zihuza imbaraga. Iyi kandi ni intangiriro. Aya masezerano ashobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo bunoze, tukayubakiraho tugira indi mikoranire mu myaka iri imbere.”
Icyo gihe Perezida Kagame yibukije ko ibikoresho n’ibitekerezo Abanyafurika bakeneye, bishobora kugaragara imbere mu mugabane.
Ati “Twizera cyane ko ukwishyira hamwe kw’ab’imbere muri Afurika ari byiza. Ibitekerezo ndetse n’ibikoresho dukeneye bishobora kuboneka kuri uyu mugabane wacu.”
Muri ayo masezezerano ibihugu byombi biheruka gusinya hemeranyijwe ku bufatanye bw’ibihugu mu gushyigikira no guteza imbere ishoramari haba ku ruhande rwa Cenrafrique n’urw’u Rwanda.
Hemeranyijwe kandi ubufatanye mu gushyigikira no guteza imbere ishoramari hagati ya Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda ya Centrafrique n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Iterambere (RDB).
Indi ngingo irebana n’ubukungu iri muri ayo masezerano, ni ivuga ko guverinoma z’ibihugu byombi zizafatanya mu kunoza uburyo bw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli.
Impuguke mu by’ubukungu, Dr. Teddy Kaberuka, asanga Centrafrique ari andi mahirwe u Rwanda rwabonye yo kwagura ubucuruzi n’ubukungu bwarwo.
Ati “Nubwo u Rwanda rwagiyeyo [muri Centrafrique] muri gahunda yo kubungabunga amahoro, ariko uko bigenda bihindagurika hari n’andi mahirwe agenda agaragara […] Aho rugereyeyo rwabonye ko ari igihugu ushobora gukorana nacyo ubucuruzi, wakoherezayo ibintu ugakurayo ibindi.”
“Mwabonye ko na RwandAir yatangiye kujyayo kubera ko hari amahirwe yandi yari yahagaragaye.”
Kaberuka yemeza ko kuba Centrafrique ifite umutungo kamere mwinshi n’u Rwanda rukaba rufite uruganda rutunganya amabuye y’agaciro, ari inzira nziza mu kuzamura ubukungu.
Ati”U Rwanda nk’igihugu gishaka kubaka ubukungu bwacyo, urabizi rufite uruganda rushongesha zahabu n’urundi rw’amabuye y’agaciro rugiye gutangira. Kubera ko rero kiriya gihugu gifite umutungo kamere birashoboka ko hari byinshi byava hariya biza mu Rwanda kandi bikaba byakongera ubukungu bw’u Rwanda.”
Kuba Centrafrique iri mu bihe by’intambara bigatuma ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe birimo n’iby’ubuhinzi bidakorwa uko bikwiye, ngo nayo yaba amahirwe u Rwanda rwabonamo isoko ry’ibyoherezwa hanze y’igihugu cyane cyane ibiribwa.
Ati ”nubwo byaba ari ukohereza imboga, imbuto cyangwa ibirayi, rwoherejeyo indege ya buri cyumweru urumva ko ryaba ari isoko ryiza kandi ritari kure. Indege ihagenda amasaha atatu n’igice, rero si kimwe no kujya i Burayi hasanzwe hari isoko rya byinshi mu bihingwa […] Ni isoko riri hafi dushobora gukoresha tukaba twavanayo amadevize menshi.”
Ku ruhande rwa Centrafrique, nayo ifite inyungu nyinshi mu mikoranire n’u Rwanda, kuko “kuba igihugu mwaganiriye cyangwa kikemera kugufasha mu by’umutekano kikaba kizi ikibazo ufite kikanagufasha, n’iyo habaye ubucuruzi cyangwa ishoramari biroroha kubera ko kirinda n’umutekano w’ibyacyo.”
Na none kandi ngo Centrafrique izagira inyungu zo kugira ubwisanzure ku Rwanda nk’igihugu ikwiye kwigiraho kwiyubaka mu gihe intambara ziyirimo zizaba zirangiye. Aho harimo nk’uko u Rwanda rubigenza kugira ngo rworoherwe no kwakira ibicuruzwa bivuye i Mombasa, kuko n’icyo gihugu kinyuza ibicuruzwa byacyo ku cyambu cyo muri Cameroon.
Kaberuka yasobanuye ko iterambere ry’inganda zishingiye ku mabuye y’agaciro mu Rwanda rizabera Centrafrique amahirwe yo kubyaza umusaruro no gutunganya neza umutungo kamere ifite ku bwinshi, ibintu bizayifasha kuzamura ubukungu.
Imikoranire mu by’umutekano iri ku rwego rwo hejuru
Umutekano ni rumwe mu nzego zashyizwemo ingufu cyane mu mikoranire y’ibihugu byombi, cyane ko kimwe gifatwa nk’intangarugero mu gihe ikindi kiri mu birangwamo umutekano muke mu Isi.
Mu bikubiye mu masezerano ya 2019, harimo n’ingingo y’ubufatanye ndetse n’imikoranire mu by’umutekano n’igisirikare hagati y’ibihugu byombi.
Nubwo u Rwanda rutakunze kwitabaza Centrafrique mu bikorwa by’umutekano, kuva mu 2014 rwo rwagiye rwohereza ingabo mu bikorwa byo kugarura amahoro muri icyo gihugu, nyuma y’imvururu zabaye muri icyo gihugu kuva mu 2013, ubwo François Bozizé yahirikwaga ku butegetsi akifatanya n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ihungabanya umutekano w’igihugu.
Mu 2016 ubwo habaga amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu yatsinzwe na Faustin Archange Touadera, Ingabo z’u Rwanda ni zo zahawe inshingano zo kumurinda kugeza n’ubu.
Touadera wakunze kumvikana ashimira mugenzi we w’u Rwanda ku bwo kumufasha kugarura amahoro mu gihugu cye, kuva ku barinda amarembo y’ibiro bye kugeza ku murinzi we wa mbere ni Abanyarwanda.
Ingabo z’u Rwanda zashimwe imikorere n’ubwitange zakomeje kugaragaza muri icyo gihugu, haba mu mboni ya rubanda, abayobozi b’igihugu ndetse n’umuyobozi w’ingabo za MINUSCA muri icyo gihugu.
Ubwo aheruka kuganira na IGIHE, Umuyobozi w’Ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ziri mu butumwa bw’Amahoro muri Centrafrique, Lt Gen Daniel Sidiki Traoré , yavuze ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda zikora akazi neza mu buryo bw’intangarugero.
Ati “Ziri gukora akazi neza, yewe nanavuga ko ari mu buryo bw’intangarugero, kuva zagera hano kandi zishinzwe kurinda Perezida, ntabwo twigeze twumva ikibazo cy’umutekano muke wa Perezida.”
Igisirikare cya Centrafrique gisa n’igifite imbaraga nke, cyane ko usibye kuba kiri kwiyubaka cyanagiye gikomanyirizwa ku isoko ry’ibikoresho bya gisirikare.
Uretse kugoboka aho rukomeye, RDF n’abapolisi b’u Rwanda bamaze kumenyerwa n’Abanya-Centrafrique mu kugenzura umutekano mu masaha y’umugoroba ku mihanda itandukanye y’umurwa mukuru Bangui.
Ingingo y’amasezerano ya 2019 ku bufatanye mu bya gisirikare hagati y’ibihugu, ivuga ko guverinoma zombi zemeranyije kugira imikoranire ya hafi mu bya gisirikare.
Kugeza ubu u Rwanda ni cyo gihugu gifite umubare munini w’abasirikare muri Centrafrique, aho ruhafite 1369 n’abapolisi 438.
Ni nyuma y’uko rwohereje umutwe w’ingabo zidasanzwe wo kurinda Abapolisi barwo bari mu nkambi zitandukanye muri icyo gihugu, ndetse hakoherezwayo n’izindi ngabo 300 zakuwe muri Sudani y’Epfo; bagiye biyongera ku bari baherutse koherezwayo ku busabe bwa Touadera.
Nyuma y’ibihe bigoye, Centrafrique yigira ku Rwanda ko hari icyizere cyo kubaho
Ubwo abakuru b’ibihugu byombi bagezaga ijambo ku baturage mu 2019 i Bangui, Perezida Touadera yavuze ko igihugu cye cyigira ku Rwanda, ndetse bizagifasha kwiyubaka no kugarura ub umwe mu benegihugu.
Ati “Repubulika ya Centrafrique irashaka kwigira ku byo u Rwanda rwanyunzemo mu kubaka Leta ikomeye, y’ubumwe ndetse yubaka ubukungu.”
