Kuva mu 1994, u Rwanda rwiyemeje kubaka iterambere ridaheza, ruza gutekereza ku cyerekezo ‘Vision 2020’, gikubiyemo intego zaryo, ishyiraho inzego z’imiyoborere zagombaga gutuma zigerwaho n’abantu bagomba kuzikurikirana.
Imwe mu nzitizi ya mbere yadindije iterambere ry’u Rwanda muri ibyo bihe, yari ukubona abantu bafite ubushobozi bagombaga gukora mu nshingano zitandukanye, ari nayo mpamvu uwarangizaga amashuri yisumbuye yabaga ategerejwe ku isoko ry’umurimo, uwarangije kaminuza akaba akarusho.
Uretse kutabona abakozi bafite ubushobozi, hari n’ikibazo cy’imikoranire itameze neza hagati y’abakozi mu kigo kimwe, bigaterwa n’impamvu zirimo ikimenyane, imyumvire idakwiye n’ubunyamwuga buke muri rusange.
Ibi bibazo byatumye mu 2008, hashyirwaho Komisiyo Ishinzwe Abakozi ba Leta (NPSC) ifite inshingano zo kunoza imikorere y’abakozi ba Leta, kuva mu buryo batoranywa mbere yo kwinjira mu kazi, uko bagenzurwa n’uko bashyira mu bikorwa inshingano zabo.
Komisiyo yarumye ihuhaho
Iyi Komisiyo yagize uruhare mu kuzamura imikorere myiza y’abakozi ba Leta ariko ntiyakemuye ibibazo by’imikorere byose kuko yitaye ku by’ubushobozi buke mu kazi gusa, irenza ingohe ibyo kuzamura imyitwarire mbonezamirimo.
Ibi byatumye ibibazo byo kutumvikana, ubugambanyi n’andi makimbirane bikomeza kumvikana mu bakozi ba Leta, binatuma mu 2014, hakorwa ubushakashatsi bwo kureba imiterere yabyo.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko mu bitera ayo makimbirane, harimo kudakorera hamwe, abayobozi birengagiza amategeko, kudahanahana amakuru ku mikorere ya buri wese n’ibindi.
Ubu bwumvikane buke no kucana intege mu bakozi ba Leta kandi biri mu muburo Umukuru w’Igihugu yahaye Minisitiri w’Intebe, Dr. Edouard Ngirente wari winjiye mu nshingano avuye gukora muri Banki y’Isi. Perezida Kagame yamusabye kwima amatwi abazashaka kumusubiza inyuma mu kazi ke.
Icyo gihe yagize ati “Icya mbere, buriya azagira abajyanama, bamubwira bati ‘ibyo ntabwo bikorwa hano’, yajya gukora ikintu kizima, bakamubwira ngo ‘oya, siko bigenda hano’, bakamwitambika imbere, cyangwa yajya gukora ikintu kubera ko afite amatwara mashya bakamubwira ngo ‘cisha make ba uretse, ntudusanze aha se?’ Ubwo wowe uzanye ibintu biri aho bikabya. Niba batarakugeraho, bazakugeraho.”
Igihombo cy’imigirire kirasangirwa
Mu Nama Nyunguranabitekerezo yarebeye hamwe uburyo bwo guteza imbere imikorere mbonezamirimo (professional ethics) mu bakozi ba Leta, hagaragajwe ko imyitwarire mibi yabo ibagiraho ingaruka, ikagera ku bigo bakoramo n’abaturage bareberera.
Umunyamabanga Uhoraho muri Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, Dusengiyumva Samuel, yavuze ko “Urwego rw’ibyo abaturage bifuza kuri Leta rwarazamutse cyane kuko barajijutse, ndetse ko bimwe mu byo bakenera kuri Leta bafite ubushobozi bwo kubyiha, icyo bakeneye ni uko dushyiraho uburyo bworoshya kubona izo serivisi kuko iyo bitagenze gutyo bibatwara umwanya n’amikoro atari ngombwa.”
Uku kudatanga serivisi ziboneye kandi byagaragajwe nk’intandaro y’ibyaha birimo icya ruswa, itangwa kugira ngo umuturage abone serivisi yakabaye abona ariko imikorere mibi, irimo kudasubirizwa igihe, ikamudindiza.
Umuyobozi w’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Urwanya Ruswa n’Akarengane, Transparency International Ishami ry’u Rwanda, Marie Immaculée Ingabire, yavuze ko abayobozi badasubiza abaturage, “Basa nk’abibwira ngo wandega he?” bigatuma abaturage bashaka izindi nzira zirimo gutanga ruswa.
Mu bushakashatsi bwashyizwe hanze muri Gicurasi 2020, ikigero cya ruswa mu nzego z’ubuyobozi cyari 51.4%. Uretse abaturage bahomba kubera serivisi mbi badahabwa, Leta nayo irahomba kuko icyizere igirirwa kigabanuka.
Abanyarwanda bizeye Leta ku kigero cya 71.3%, mu gihe intego ari uko uwo mubare ugera kuri 90% mu 2024.
Umuyobozi Wungirije mu Rwego rw’Igihugu rw’Imiyoborere, RGB, Dr. Niyishaka Emmanuel, yavuze ko ‘imyitwarire idahindutse byazagorana ko uyu muhigo weswa’.
Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu Ishinzwe Abakozi ba Leta, Angelina Muganza, yavuze ko igihombo cy’imikorere mibi y’abakozi ba Leta kinangiza umutungo wa Leta, utikirira mu manza z’amafuti ishorwamo kubera uburangare bw’abayobozi.
Yavuze ko amafaranga Leta ihomba yikubye kabiri mu 2019, agera kuri miliyoni 520 Frw avuye kuri miliyoni 224 Frw mu 2018, ndetse aratumbagira agera kuri miliyoni 970 Frw mu 2020.
Muganza yavuze ko ikibabaje ari uko muri izo miliyoni 970 Frw, izigera kuri 761 Frw n’ubundi zari zikwiye guhabwa abazitsindiye bitarinze kugera mu nkiko.
Yongeyeho ati “Hari aho twasanze abayobozi barirukanye abakozi mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, bakavuga ngo ‘nibagende nibarega tuzabishyura’ ukibaza niba amafaranga bazishyura ari ayabo.”
Mu 2020, abakozi ba Leta bajuririye ibyemezo 374 bari bafatiwe birimo n’ibyo kwirukanwa, kandi 109 muri byo byari bifite ishingiro, bisobanuye ko byari byafashwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko.
Muganza yavuze ko “Umwanya n’amikoro Leta itakariza muri izi manza” wakabaye ukoreshwa mu bikorwa by’iterambere.
Dukome urusyo tutaretse ingasire
Nubwo hari igihombo Leta iterwa n’abakozi bayo, Marie Immaculée Ingabire, yavuze ko na Leta atari shyashya kuko hari ubwo idatanga ibikwiriye mu gufasha abakozi kuzuza inshingano zabo.
Yatanze urugero rw’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Amashuri Makuru na za Kaminuza, HEC, yemeza ko “gifite abakozi bake cyane ugereranyije n’inshingano gifite.”
Yanakomoje ku rwego rw’Umuvunyi, “Rwahaye akazi umukozi, twagenzura tugasanga yarigeze kwirukanwa azira ibyaha bya ruswa, ukibaza ukuntu umuntu wirukanwe azize ruswa azajya kuyirwanya bikakubera ihurizo.”
Ingabire yatunze urutoki ibigo bya Leta bihora imbere y’Akanama Kagenzura Ikoreshwa ry’Umutungo wa Leta mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko, PAC, bikamaramo imyaka itandatu cyangwa irindwi ariko ntibifatirwe ibihano.
Leta yarahagurutse
Mu rwego rwo kongera umusaruro w’abakozi, Leta imaze iminsi mu mavugurura agamije kugera kuri iyo ntego.
Imwe mu ntambwe yatewe muri uru rugendo ni Iteka rya Perezida ryasinywe muri Gashyantare 2021, rigena imyitwarire mbonezamurimo ku bakozi ba Leta, rikubiyemo ko buri rwego rwa Leta rukwiye kugira Akanama kagizwe n’abantu batanu gashinzwe gukurikirana amakosa akorwa n’abakozi ba Leta.
Uretse iri teka, abitabiriye iyi nama banavuze ko hari ibindi bikwiye gushyirwamo imbaraga kugira ngo imyitwarire mbonezamirimo izamuke ku bakozi ba Leta.
Senateri Habiyakare François yavuze ko ibyo birimo “Kugenzura amateka y’umuntu Leta ishaka guha akazi, ntiharebwe gusa ubushobozi bw’ibyo yize n’ibyo yakoze. Dukwiye kureba no ku myitwarire ye, tukamenya uko yabanaga n’abandi, uko yitwaraga mu zindi nshingano ku buryo tuba tuzi ko hejuru y’ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bwe, anafite imitekerereze ikwiye itazatuma agera mu kazi agatangira kuba umutwaro kuri Leta.”
Mu bindi byasabwe harimo kongera amahugurwa ahabwa abakozi ba Leta ku bijyanye n’imyitwarire mbonezamurimo, kuko ubusanzwe bahugurwa ku bijyanye n’ibyo bakora, ibindi ntibyitabweho.
Amahame mpuzamahanga agena ko abakozi bakwiye guhugurwa amasaha 1000 ku mwaka.
Leta yanasabwe gukomeza kuzamura ubushobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze zirimo utugari n’imirenge, kuko ari two tugaragaramo ibibazo bya ruswa no kudatanga serivisi nziza.
Iki kibazo cyerekanwe nk’ikiri kuvugutirwa umuti kuko kuva muri Mata 2019 kugera mu Ukwakira 2020, abayobozi 163 bo mu nzego z’ibanze birukanwe kubera imyitwarire mibi.
Minisitiri w’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo, Rwanyindo Kayirangwa Fanfan, yavuze ko abakozi ba Leta ari bo pfundo ry’impinduka z’iterambere.
Yagize ati “Abakozi ba Leta bagomba kugira uruhare mu kuzahura ubukungu bw’igihugu binyuze mu kuyobora impinduka zishingiye ku myumvire, imyitwarire n’imikorere itanga umusaruro by’umwihariko mu bihe bidasanzwe turimo.”
Inama nyunguranabitekerezo yabaye mu gihe hizihizwaga ku nshuro ya munani Umunsi wo kuzirikana imirimo y’Inzego za Leta muri Afurika, wahawe insanganyamatsiko igira iti ‘‘Twubake Afurika twifuza binyuze mu kwimakaza umuco n’imyitwarire mbonezamurimo ishingiye ku miyoborere itanga icyerekezo gihamye no mu bihe bidasanzwe.”
