Dufashe nk’urugero rwa YouTube, kuri ubu usanga hari ibyiciro by’abayikoresha ariko ibikorwa bayikoreraho biganisha cyangwa bigize ibyaha; aha twavuga nk’icyiciro cy’abayinyuzaho amakuru agamije gupfobya no guhakana Jenoside, gukurura imvururu mu banyarwanda n’ibindi.
Hari ikindi cyiciro cy’abanyuzaho amashusho cyangwa amafoto y’urukozasoni n’ikindi cy’abanyuzaho amakuru y’ibihuha ashobora guhungabanya umudendezo n’ituze rya rubanda cyangwa akaba yabayobya mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.
Abo bose ariko icyo bahuriraho ni ugushaka indamu cyangwa amafaranga atangwa na Google ku muntu washyize amashusho kuri YouTube, aho uko amashusho yarebwe cyane [Views] ariko amafaranga uwayashyizeho abona agenda yiyongera.
Ingero ni nyinshi; mu minsi ishize Uzaramba Karasira Aimable wahoze ari umwarimu muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, yatawe muri yombi akurikiranyweho ibyaha byo guha ishingiro Jenoside no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ni ibyaha bifitanye isano n’ibiganiro yanyuzaga kuri shene ya YouTube yari yarashinze.
Mu minsi ishize kandi hari uwifashishije YouTube atangaza ko umuhanzi mu ndirimbo zo kuramya no guhimbaza Imana, Israel Mbonyi yitabye Imana.
Ni igihuha cyakwirakwijwe mu masaha y’igitondo cyo ku wa 7 Kamena, gikura benshi umutima by’umwihariko abo mu muryango we, ariko nyuma biza kugaragara ko byakozwe n’uwishakiraga kubona za ‘Views’.
Ibi kimwe n’ibindi bikorwa bitandukanye inzego zirimo Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Ubugenzacyaha, RIB, n’Ikigo Ngenzuramikorere, RURA ndetse n’inzego zireberera Itangazamakuru muri rusange baganiriye kuri iyi ngingo mu kiganiro Waramutse Rwanda cyatambutse kuri Televiziyo y’u Rwanda ku wa 9 Kamena 2021.
Umukozi ushinzwe kugenzura imikorere y’ibitangazamakuru muri RURA, Ahoranayezu Christian, yavuze ko RURA idashinzwe kugenzura imikorere y’izi mbuga ariko ngo igomba kuzamo kuko kugira ngo umuntu abashe kugira konti kuri izo mbuga zose bisaba ko abanza gushyira imyirondoro ye kuri urwo rubuga.
Ati “Ntabwo RURA ishinzwe kugenzura buri munyarwanda ibyo yanditse cyangwa yatangaje kubera ko hari bwa bwisanure ahabwa n’itegeko Nshinga, ariko buri muntu wese agomba kumenya ko ibyo atangaza bitabangamiye bagenzi be cyangwa bitabangamiye rubanda.”
Yakomeje agira ati “RURA ntabwo izajya kureba ibyo buri munyarwanda yashyize kuri Twitter cyangwa YouTube ye ariko ubikora ari mu rwego RURA igenzura, arabibazwa akabibazwa n’amategeko ahari. Hanyuma abandi bamenye ko ari inshingano zabo kuguma mu murongo w’ibiteganywa n’amategeko.”
Ku rundi ruhande ariko hari ababihuza n’ingingo ya 38 y’Itegeko Nshinga iha umunyarwanda wese ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo ashatse cyangwa ingingo ya 18 y’itegeko rigenga itangazamakuru iteganya ko umunyamakuru agomba gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga.
Umuvugizi wa RIB, Dr Murangira Thierry, yavuze ko by’umwihariko YouTube ikomeje kugaragara ko hari ibyaha abantu bagenda bayikoreraho, ibintu avuga ko bidakwiye guhuzwa n’ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo cyangwa kuniga itangazamakuru.
Ati “Itegeko ryashyizeho umurongo ngenderwaho, ntabwo ushobora kuvuga ngo ndatanga ibitekerezo uko nishakiye hari ibyo wica, itegeko rivuga ko buri muntu wese ashobora gutanga ibitekerezo uko abyumva ndetse akananenga ariko ntabwo wemerewe gutanga igitekerezo ku kintu kiri buzane amacakubiri cyangwa kibangamiye ituze rusange rya rubanda.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Itegeko Nshinga riravuga ngo kirazira ko ugomba kubangamira umuco mboneza bupfura. Nko kuri Israel Mbonyi, umuntu aranditse ngo kanaka yarapfuye, utitaye ku ngaruka, ubwo icyo ni ugutanga ibitekerezo? Ni ibihuha.”
Dr Murangira avuga ko hari ingero nyinshi z’ibyaha biri gukurikiranwa kandi abantu bagiriwe inama kenshi kuri ubu amategeko ariyo ari gukurikizwa kandi akarishye.
Ati “Twarigishije, twagiriye abantu inama. Ubu amategeko agiye gukurikizwa kandi ingingo zirimo zirakarishye mu by’ukuri. Ibihano birakarishye.”
YouTube ikwiye gutandukanywa n’umwuga w’itangazamakuru
Telefone ngendanwa irimo Camera, ifata amajwi,amashusho n’amafoto ndetse nyirayo afite urukuta rwa Twitter, Facebook cyangwa YouTube ashobora kuyifashisha atangaza amakuru.
Urwego rw’Abanyamakuru bigenzura, RMC, ruvuga ko imikoreshereze mibi ya YouTube n’izindi mbuga ari icyasha gikomeye ku itangazamakuru muri rusange kubera ko abenshi bakora ibi bikorwa bitwikiriye umutaka w’itangazamakuru cyane ko n’izi shene zifungurwa kuri YouTube usanga zitwa ‘Televiziyo’.
Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa RMC, Mugisha Emmanuel ati “Icyo cyasha kiraturuka ku myumvire cyangwa abakurikira itangazamakuru bameze, ubundi ikiranga umunyamakuru ni ikarita imuranga kuko iyo ayifite aba yaragiranye amasezerano n’umukoresha cyangwa uwamuhaye iyo karita ko agiye gukora kinyamwuga.”
Mugisha avuga ko muri rusange abakora ibyaha kuri za YouTube harimo abanyamakuru n’ababihishamo ariko bose abazakora ibyaha amategeko azabibabaza.
Ati “Bose bitwikira itangazamakuru, bamwe baririmo bashaka kurikora kinyamwuga harimo n’abaryihishemo, abo rero ntubamenya utarabona bya bindi bibarimo ko byagiye hanze. Ni ukubegera mukabakurikirana, mukabagira inama nyuma rero bakomeza amategeko akabakurikirana.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Gusa barahari, cyane cyane abantu ubona ko bambaye umwambaro w’impirimbanyi kurenza uko bambaye umwambaro w’ubunyamakuru. Ni ibintu tubona ko bisa n’ibizamuka ariko ababatiza umurindi ni ababaha izo ‘Views’. Dukwiye kwigisha abantu kumenya ibyo bahabwa n’izi mbuga nkoranyambaga, ibidakwiye bakabireka bagakurikirana ibyungura ubumenyi bwabo.”
Umuyobozi w’Ikinyamakuru Umuryango gifite shene ya YouTube ya Umuryango TV, Hakuzwumuremyi Joseph, yavuze ko hakwiye gutandukanywa umuntu wafunguye shene ya YouTube agamije gushyiraho gahunda ze n’urukoresha nk’umunyamakuru.
Ati “Mu buryo busanzwe nidukomeza gukora gutya bizagorana kuko zirimo amafaranga, zirimo uko wiyumva n’ibindi bimeze gutyo. Ntabwo numva uburyo ushobora kujya kwaka ikiganiro n’umuntu atari ikinyamakuru ufite, utari n’umunyamakuru ngo icyo kiganiro ugikore.”
“Ibyo byo mvuga ko ufite ibintu ashaka gushyira, ashyiraho ibyo guteka , cyangwa ibindi bindi ariko ntabwo bikwiye gutandukanywa n’umwuga w’itangazamakuru. Kuba nazinduka nkajya kwaka ikiganiro abantu kandi ntari umunyamakuru cyangwa ngashinga Televiziyo ikorera kuri YouTube ntari umunyamakuru, ibyo byose byagombye kugira uko bikora n’ibyo bikurikiza.”
Ku rundi ruhande ariko, RURA na RIB batangaza ko hari abantu usanga bafite amakarita y’ibitangazamakuru bizwi ndetse banabikorera ariko ku ruhande bakagira shene za YouTube banyuzaho andi makuru ugasanga ni amakuru y’ibihuha cyangwa andi makuru badashobora kunyuza mu bitangazamakuru bakorera.
Abahanga n’abakurikiranira hafi itangazamakuru bavuga ko YouTube ari umuyoboro mwiza mu kugaragaza no gutanga ibitekerezo ariko bagasaba ko hakwiye gushyirwaho uburyo bwihariye bwo kugenzura ibikorerwa kuri uru rubuga n’izindi zitandukanye.
