Dietrich Bonhoeffer, yishwe kubera ko yari amaze igihe kinini arwanya Hitler, ni umwe mu ntwari zo kwizera zikomeye mu mateka ya gikristo zo mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri.
Bonhoeffer yavutse mu 1906 avukira mu muryango w'Abadage bakomeye. Ikigaragara ni uko yari afite impano ikomeye, yahisemo kwiga tewolojiya, ahabwa impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga (doctorat) afite imyaka makumyabiri n'umwe.Yakoranye imyaka ibiri n'itorero ry'Abadage i Barcelona. Nyuma yagiye muri Amerika kwiga umwaka umwe muri kaminuza ya tewolojiya. Yasanze bidashamaje. Icyakora, yashimishijwe n'ishyaka ry'amatorero y'Abirabura b'Abanyamerika yasengeragamo kuko babashije kwihanganira imibabaro n'akarengane bakorerwaga.
Bonhoeffer yasubiye mu Budage mu 1931, yigisha kandi ayobora itorero. Atewe ubwoba no kuzamuka kw'Abanazi yavugiye mu ruhame arwanya Hitler kuva abaye Chancellor mu 1933. Ntabwo yari igitekerezo cya rubanda: Abakristu benshi b'Abadage, bari bashishikajwe kandi bishimiye ibyo yakoraga ndetse bamubonaga nk'umukiza w'igihugu.
Bonhoeffer yisanze ari umwe mu barwanya Ubunazi (Nazism). Yavuze arwanya ku itotezwa ry'Abayahudi kandi igihe Hitler yasabaga itorero ko rimufasha bagakorana, Bonhoeffer yafashije mu gushinga itorero ry'abizera ryatangaje ko umutwe waryo ari Kristo atari Führer. Bonhoeffer yabonye inkunga nkeya gusa, maze acitse intege, yagiye kuyobora amatorero abiri avuga Ikidage i Londres. Agezeyo, yitegereza icyerekezo cy'Abadage, agirana ubucuti bukomeye n'abayobozi b'amatorero yo mu Bwongereza.
Agaruka mu Budage, Bonhoeffer yahise yamaganwa nk'umwanzi w'igihugu. Mu 1937, yagize uruhare mu mahugurwa yabaye mu ibanga y'abashumba b'Itorero. Yanditse kandi kimwe mu bitabo bye by'ingenzi, 'Ikiguzi cyo guhindura abantu abigishwa' 'The cost of Discipleship', aho yacyashye ubukristo bwafataga ubuntu uko butari bakabworoshya, aho bigishaga ko kubona imbabazi bidasaba kwihana, kubatizwa nta gahunda (discipline) y'itorero, gusabana n'Imana nta kwatura, ubuntu butagira Yesu Kristo. Uyu muburo Bonhoeffer yatanze ukomeje kugira agaciro muri iki gihe.
Intambara yegereje, Bonhoeffer, yiyemeje amahoro yanga kurahira gufatanya na Hitler, ariko yamenye ko ashobora kwicwa. Yaje kubona amahirwe yo guhunga Hitler, yitabira ubutumire bwo kujya kwigisha muri Amerika. Bonhoeffer yagiye muri muri Kamena 1939, nyamara amaze kugera muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika amenya ko adashobora kubura mu gihugu cye mu gihe cy'intambara maze mu byumweru bibiri afata ubwato asubira mu Budage.
Igihe intambara yatangiraga, Bonhoeffer yisanze azengurutswe n'Abadage bakunda igihugu bashakaga guhirika Hitler. Kugira ngo ahunge, yinjiye mu kigo cy'ubutasi cya gisirikare cy'Ubudage, urwego rwarimo benshi barwanyaga Hitler. Umurimo we wari uguhuhuza amatorero mpuzamahanga kugira ngo agire inama igisirikare, ariko mubyukuri yabikoresheje agerageza gushaka inkunga yo kurwanya abadage.
Intambara irimbanyije, Bonhoeffer yisanze ahakana imigambi yo kwica Hitler. Kubera ko yarushagaho kumenya ko ari amahano, yasanze atabishaka avuga ko iyicwa rya Hitler ryaba ari umugambi mubisha.
Mu 1943, Bonhoeffer yasezeranye na Maria von Wedemeyer ariko nyuma gato uruhare rwe mu gufasha Abayahudi guhungira mu Busuwisi rwamenyekanye arafatwa. Ubwa mbere yashoboye kwandika no kwakira abashyitsi bazaga kumusura bamuhaye ibitabo hanyuma bafata inyandiko ze bazisakaza hirya no hino; ibyinshi muri byo byinjijwe mu kindi gitabo 'Letters and Papers from Prison' Amabaruwa n'impapuro zo muri Gereza.
Muri Nyakanga 1944, ifungwa rya Bonhoeffer ryarushijeho gukomera maze yoherezwa mu kigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa cya Buchenwald. Amakuru dufite kuri we muri iki gihe amusobanurira ko ari umuntu w'amahoro, wuzuye ubuntu n'ubugwaneza kandi akora cyane akazi k'ubushumba no kugira inama abamugana.
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1945 izina rya Bonhoeffer ryahujwe n'umugambi wa kera wo kurwanya Hitler maze bategeka ko yicwa. Yamanitswe ku ya 9 Mata 1945, hasigaye ibyumweru bibiri ngo inkambi ibohorwe. Amagambo ye ya nyuma yanditse yari aya: 'Iri ni ryo herezo - kuri njye ni intangiriro y'ubuzima.'
Dore ibintu bine bitangaje twakwigira ku kwizera kwa Dietrich Bonhoeffer:
Icya mbere, kwizera kwe kwagaragariye mu gukora: Bonhoeffer yashoboraga kuguma ari umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya yigisha yandika atuje. Ariko yashimangiye ko ubukristo bugomba kubaho kandi kuba umwigishwa wa Kristo hari icyo bisaba gukora. Imyizerere igomba kugira ingaruka: yaba iyo gukora icyiza cyangwa kurwanya ikibi. Bonhoeffer ntabwo yari umukristo wicara ku ntebe y'icyubahiro, mubyukuri natwe ntitwagombye kubikora.
Icya kabiri, kwizera kwe kwagaragariye mu gutinyuka. Umwe mu bakristu ba mbere b'Abadage bamaganye Hitler, Bonhoeffer yarwanyije Abanazi imyaka cumi n'ibiri, azi ko igihe icyo ari cyo cyose ashobora gufatwa kandi amaherezo yarafashwe arafungwa ndetse aricwa. Biragoye cyane cyane kwiyumvisha uburyo Bonhoeffer amaze kubona umutekano i New York mu 1939, yahise asubiza ubwato mu Budage.
Gutinyuka kwe kugaragazwa n'ibintu byinshi na twe dukwiye gukora uyu munsi.
Icya gatatu, kwizera kwe kwagarajwe no gusuzugura. Bonhoeffer yahanganye na guverinoma ibangamiye itorero ndetse n'itorero ryacecetse, yavuze ashize amanga arwanya bombi. Muri iki gihe natwe dukeneye guhaguruka tukavuga dushize amanga.
Icya kane, kwizera kwa Bonhoeffer kwagaragajwe no kwiyemeza gupfa. Nkuko yabyanditse mu gitabo yise 'The Cost of Discipleship', 'Iyo Kristo ahamagaye umuntu, amusaba kuza no gupfa mugihe ari ngombwa. Nta guhuzagurika ni byo Bonhoeffer yakoze.
Muri macye Dietrich Bonhoeffer yakoreye Imana yivuye inyuma mu gihe cye ari byo byamugize intwari yo Kwizera. Natwe mugihe cyacu birakwiriye ko twitanga tugakora umurimo w'Imana uko imbaraga zacu zose zingana kandi Umwuka Wera ni we muyobozi wacu.
Source: www.canonjjohn.com
Source : https://agakiza.org/Amateka-yaranze-intwari-yo-kwizera-Dietrich-Bonhoeffer.html
