Ku bw’iyo mpamvu mu 1998 hashyizweho politiki igenga uburezi yari igamije muri rusange kongera guha umurongo uru rwego rufatwa nk’ishingiro ry’iterambere mu gihugu gito, gikennye, kidakora ku nyanja kandi kidafite umutungo kamere.
Iyi politiki yahinduwe mu 2003 hagamijwe guhuza uburezi na gahunda zo kurwanya ubukene (Vision 2020), kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi no kwinjiza ikoranabuhanga mu myigishirize.
Hari kandi gushyiraho umurongo wagombaga gutuma igihugu cyesa imwe mu mihigo ku rwego mpuzamahanga irimo ‘uburezi kuri bose’, kwitabira amashuri abanza ku bana bose bagejeje igihe no kuzamura ibyiciro by’uburezi byari bikiri hasi.
Mu byiciro byari byari bitaratera imbere harimo n’icy’amashuri makuru na kaminuza aho kugeza mu 2003, abanyeshuri biyandikishije muri iki cyiciro bari ku kigereranyo cya 1%.
Leta yakoze byinshi mu kuzahura uru rwego, amashuri agenda yiyongera yaba aya leta n’ayigenga by’umwihariko.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, kuva mu myaka mike ishize amwe mu mashuri makuru na kaminuza yakubitiwe ahareba i Nzega; hari ayafungiwe amashami andi yamburwa uburenganzira bwo gukorera ku butaka bw’u Rwanda.
Aya vuba arimo Indangaburezi College of Education, Kaminuza ya Kibungo (UNIK) ndetse na Christian University of Rwanda (CHUR), yafunzwe burundu muri Kamena 2020 ariko ni umwitozo watangiye muri Werurwe 2017 hakorwa ubugenzuzi bw’Inama Nkuru y’Amashuri Makuru na Kaminuza (HEC), bwatumye Nile Source Polytechnic of Applied Sciences (NSPA), Rusizi International University na Singhad Technical Education Society Rwanda (STES) zifungwa.
Muri ubu bugenzuzi hagaragaye ibibazo bijyanye n’imiyoborere, ibikoresho bidahagije, ubukungu butifashe neza aho wasangaga zimwe zidahemba abakozi n’abarimu ndetse n’ibindi bibazo bikoma mu nkokora ireme ry’uburezi n’imyigishirize.
Politiki y’uburezi isimbura imaze imyaka 18 igenderwaho iri hafi
Minisiteri y’Uburezi itangaza ko politiki igenga uburezi mu Rwanda yashyizweho mu 2003 yatangiye guhindurwa kubera impinduka zitandukanye zagiye ziba zigasaba ko haba umurongo mushya mu burezi.
Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe Politiki n’igenamigambi muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi, Rose Baguma, yatangaje ko politiki y’Uburezi yo muri 2003 yashyizweho ishingiye ku cyerekezo 2020 n’ingamba zo kuzamura ubukungu no kurwanya ubukene (EDPRS II), byarangiranye na 2020.
Ati “Ubu intego nshya ziri mu cyerekezo 2050, Gahunda yo kwihutisha Iterambere (NST1, 2017-2024) n’izindi gahunda nshya zatumye hatekerezwa kuvugurura politiki y’uburezi.”
Itegurwa ryayo ryagizwemo uruhare na Minisiteri y’Uburezi, ibigo biyishamikiyeho, Uturere, abikorera, abaterankunga mu burezi, inzego z’abagore n’urubyiruko n’abayobozi b’amashuri makuru na za Kaminuza. Hari kandi abahagarariye abafite ubumuga, Minisiteri n’ibindi bigo bya Leta n’abandi.
Muri rusange ikigamijwe ni ugutanga imirongo migari ku ngingo zitandukanye ziganisha ku kuzamura ireme ry’uburezi cyane cyane kuzamura imyigire y’umunyeshuri ishingiye ku munyeshuri.
Impinduka nshya
Rose Baguma yavuze ko mu by’ingenzi bizahinduka muri politiki nshya ugereranyije n’iyagenderwagaho mu myaka 18 ishize, harimo ko amashuri makuru na kaminuza azajya aha imbaraga ibikorwa biyinjiriza amafaranga.
Ntibirasobanurwa uko gahunda izatuma Amashuri Makuru na Kaminuza abasha kugira ibikorwa byinjiza amafaranga izaba iteye. Icyakora byafasha ayakomwaga mu nkokora n’ibibazo by’ubukungu bishingiye ku gutega amaramuko kuri ‘minerval’ z’abanyeshuri byakunze kugaragara ku mashuri yigenga, byaba bigiye kubonerwa umuti.
Usibye mu yigenga ibibazo nk’ibi byanagaragaye muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda aho nko mu isesengura rya Raporo y’Umugenzuzi Mukuru w’Imari ya Leta mu mwaka warangiye ku wa 30 Kamena 2019, yari ifite amadeni agera kuri miliyari umunani z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda n’ibindi bibazo bikomeye.
Mu bindi bizahinduka harimo ibijyanye n’imitegurire y’abarimu, uburyo abanyeshuri bakorerwa amasuzuma kandi hazashyirwa imbaraga mu mashuri y’incuke.
Kuri ubu hari abarimu bagaragaza ko ingengabihe y’amasomo atangwa ku munsi ari ndende cyane aho isomo rya mbere ritangira saa moya n’iminota 20 irya nyuma rigasozwa saa kumi n’imwe ku buryo binaniza abanyeshuri utaretse n’abarimu. Ikiruhuko kimara isaha imwe uhereye saa tanu n’iminota 40.
“Abana biga umunsi wose ntibabona umwanya wo kuruhuka. Biviramo bamwe gusiba bya hato na hato kuko kugira ngo umwana abe yakwiga icyumweru cyose ni ibintu bidapfa gushoboka. Ugera mu rugo agafashwa kuruhuka ni we witabira neza amasomo na ho ab’amikoro make biragoye.”
Rose Baguma yavuze ko politiki nshya y’uburezi igaragaza ko ingengabihe y’umunsi ‘workload’ izagabanuka, hakazashyirwaho izindi ngamba zigaragaza uburyo bizakorwa, uretseko na gahunda yo kwiga ingunga imwe izagenda ikemura iki kibazo buhoro buhoro.
Ku bijyanye n’indimi mu mashuri, Icyongereza kizahabwa imbaraga nk’ururimi rwigishirizwamo ariko izindi ndimi nk’Ikinyarwanda, Igifaransa n’Igiswahili bizahabwa umwihariko.
Mu gihe havugwa ibibazo by’imyitwarire mibi mu banyeshuri hirya no hino mu gihugu birimo ubusinsi, urugomo n’izindi ngeso zigayitse, Rose Baguma avuga ko muri politiki nshya, uburezi buzaba bushingiye ku nkingi ya mwamba y’indangagaciro nyarwanda, gutoza abana kwifata neza no guhana bikwiriye.
Imibereho ya mwarimu na yo ngo izitabwaho ku buryo izakomeza kuzamurwa nk’abandi bakozi ba leta, ‘career path’ yabo na yo igahabwa imbaraga kuko na yo ituma bazamuka mu mibereho.
Ntiharamenyekana igihe politiki nshya y’uburezi mu Rwanda izarangira gutegurwa ikanatangarizwa Abanyarwanda.
