Izo nzego eshatu zose kuri ubu zifite abakozi b’abanyamwuga kandi batojwe kwihanangiriza, gutahura, kugenza no gushyikiriza ubutabera abakoresha nabi umutungo wa leta cyangwa abakora ibyaha bimunga ubukungu bw’igihugu muri rusange.
Ibyaha bimunga ubukungu bw’igihugu birimo ruswa, kunyereza umutungo wa leta, gukoresha umutungo wa leta icyo utagenewe cyangwa mu buryo budakurikije amategeko no gutanga amasoko mu buryo budakoresheje amategeko.
Hari ibyo gusonera bitemewe n’amategeko, konona umutungo wa leta cyangwa ugirira rubanda akamaro, konona umutungo w’amabanki cyangwa amakoperative n’ibindi.
Imibare y’Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Ubugenzacyaha, RIB, igaragaza ko ibi byaha byose hamwe mu 2018, ibyagenjejwe [ibyakozweho iperereza] byari 1874, mu mwaka wakurikiyeho wa 2019, hagenzwa 2091, mu 2020 biba 2311.
Mu kiganiro na RBA, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa RIB, Col Ruhunga Kibezi Jeannot, yavuze ko kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri uku kwezi kwa Nyakanga 2021, hamaze kugenzwa ibyaha bya ruswa 1129.
Ati “Bivuze ko bishobora kuzarenga n’iby’umwaka ushize. Ibi rero birava ku ngamba zagiye zifatwa, birava ku gukangurira abantu gutanga amakuru ariko n’icyizere abantu bagenda bagirira inzego ku buryo aba azi ko natanga amakuru icyaha kirakurikiranwa kandi uwagikoze akakiryozwa. Ibyaha birahari birakorwa ariko n’ingamba zo kubiryoza abagikoze zirahari.”
Kugaruza umutungo wa leta uba waranyerejwe bikorwa mu buryo bubiri, hari abakora amakosa mu rwego rw’akazi bitageza igihombo, icyo gihe ntabwo ajyanwa mu nkiko ariko yishyura ayo mafaranga.
Mu myaka itanu ishize, leta yagaruje arenga miliyari 5Frw, mu gihe ayagarujwe bitegetswe n’Inkiko arenga miliyari 6Frw muri iyo myaka itanu.
Umushinjacyaha Mukuru wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Havugiyaremye Aimable, avuga ko ibi byaha bimunga ubukungu bw’igihugu, bigenda bigabanyuka biturutse ku kuba amategeko yaragiye avugururwa agashyiraho ibihano bikakaye binateganya kunyaga umutungo.
Ati “Abantu basigaye batinya gukora ibyaha kubera amategeko yagiye avugururwa agateganya ingamba amategeko ya mbere atateganyaga, ariko n’umusaruro ugenda uturuka mu ikurikiranacyaha.”
“Nk’urugero, mbere nko kuri ibi byaha bijyanye na ruswa n’ibisa na byo, hari umuntu yiyemezaga akavuga ati aya mafaranga ngiye kuyarya cyangwa ndanyereza umutungo wa miliyoni 500Frw, akavuga ati ni hahandi bazankatire nzafungwe imyaka itanu, nimvamo ayo mafaranga nyacuruze cyangwa se nyakoreshe n’ibindi.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Ariko ubu kubera ivugururwa ry’amategeko, ubu amategeko ateganya inyagwa ry’umutungo uturuka ku cyaha, iyo hari umutungo wakomotse ku cyaha, uwo mutungo uranyagwa, babandi bavugaga ko bazawukoresha bafunguwe, uwo mutungo uba waranyazwe.”
Havugiyaremye avuga kandi ko kuri ubu binyuze mu mategeko yavuguruwe ku byaha bijyanye n’ubukungu bw’igihugu, igihombo leta yagize mu ikurikiranacyaha, iyo umuntu ahamijwe icyaha ategekwa ko asubiza umutungo wanyerejwe cyangwa igihombo byateje leta.
Ku rundi ruhande ariko Havugiyaremye avuga ko abantu bakora ibi byaha akenshi bagira amayeri menshi cyane ku buryo hari n’igihe habura ibimenyetso byo kubashinja kandi mu by’ukuri ibyaha biba byakozwe.
Yakomeje agira ati “Indi mbogamizi ni uko ari utanga ruswa n’uyakira, bose baba babifitemo inyungu, icyo gihe rero bakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bahishiranire. Ikindi ni ikoranabuhanga, icyo bivuze natwe haba abagenzacyaha n’abashinjacyaha tugomba kuzamura ubumenyi dufite kugira ngo tubashe kugenza no gukurikirana ibyo byaha.”
Ibifi binini birarye biri menge
Mbere y’uko RIB, ijyaho ni gake mu bitangazamakuru hasohokaga inkuru zivuga ko Minisitiri runaka cyangwa umuyobozi ku rwego rwo hejuru ari gukorwaho iperereza ku byaha bifitanye isano na ruswa cyangwa gukoresha nabi umutungo wa leta.
Ibi ariko siko bikimeze kuko nko mu myaka itatu ishize, amazina akomeye arimo uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe, abahoze ari aba Minisitiri, abayobozi b’ibigo bya leta ndetse n’abandi bashoramari bikorera bagiye bashyikirizwa ubutabera ndetse bamwe uyu munsi bari i Mageragere.
Umuvunyi Mukuru Nirere Madeleine avuga ko ubusanzwe abayobozi bose mu nzego za leta by’umwihariko basabwa n’itegeko kumenyekanisha imitungo yabo ari na ho akenshi hajya hatahurwa abadashobora gusobanura inkomoko y’ibyo batunze ahanini bitewe n’uko baba bayabonye mu nzira zirimo na ruswa.
Aha ni ho havuye ya mvugo y’ibifi binini, aho usanga nka Minisitiri yakira ruswa ya za miliyoni ariko ugasanga nka mbere byarabaga ari ingorabahizi kugira ngo akurikiranwe.
Nirere ati “Iyo urebye uyu munsi ibyaha bikurikiranwa n’amafaranga arimo, usanga mu by’ukuri ntabwo ari bya bindi uvuga ngo ni ibihumbi bibiri cyangwa igihugu ariko niba ujya ukurikira imanza kuri ubu ni iz’abanyereje miliyoni nyinshi cyangwa za miliyari.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Abantu bamenye ko nta gifi kinini cyangwa intoya, ahubwo ni ukuvuga ngo abantu [….] buriya bashobora gutekereza ngo umuntu ukomeye ntakurikiranwa, oya arakurikiranwa icya ngombwa ni uko haba hari ibimenyetso bimushinja icyaha, ahubwo abantu bajye batanga amakuru.”
Ku ruhande rwa RIB, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wayo, Col Ruhunga, avuga ko mu Rwanda hari amahirwe y’uko hari politiki yo kutihanganira ruswa.
Ati “Hano mu Rwanda nta muntu n’umwe ushobora kumva ko aremereye bihagije ku buryo ashobora kurya ruswa cyangwa agakora ibi byaha byose tuvuga, baba bafite n’ubwoba kurusha na bantu baciriritse bo hasi kubera iyo politiki ya ‘Zero Tolerance kuri ruswa’.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Ibyo rero biranadufasha nkatwe tugenza ibyaha, kuko mu bihugu aho haba ibyo bifi binini no kugenza ibyaha biragorana kuko ujya gukora kuri uyu ugashya, wajya gukora kuri uyu ugashya […] muri iki gihugu ntabwo ariko bimeze, hano tugenza ibyaha hatitawe ku izina umuntu afite.”
Col Ruhunga avuga ko iyo politiki y’igihugu ishyigikiye kurwanya ruswa, ibindi biba byoroshye ari na yo mpamvu nta rundi rwitwazo RIB ikwiye kugira rwatuma itagenza ibyaha by’umwihariko ibi bya ruswa.
Ati “Leta iduha ubufasha bwose bwo kurwanya ruswa, ku buryo iyo urebye nk’abagenzacyaha hano mu Mujyi [..] hari ibihugu umugenzacyaha adashobora kugenda adafite imbunda, atagiye mu modoka yihishahisha kubera ko aba aziko iyo urwanya ruswa uba ushakishwa na we. Hano ntabwo ariko bimeze, umugenzacyaha agenda yemye, kubera ko aba azi ko ari mu kuri, hano turi mu gihugu kitihanganira na gato ruswa.”
‘Abashumba’; ibyabo byasubiwemo
Amayeri asigaye akoreshwa n’aba ba bihemu banyereza ibya rubanda, arimo gufata ya mitungo cyangwa amafaranga yavuye mu ndonke, ruswa cyangwa ayanyerejwe bakayaguramo imitungo bakayandika ku bandi bantu by’umwihariko abo bafitanye isano.
Ni ibintu bitungurana kuba umuntu uhembwa ibihumbi 500Frw ushobora gusanga atunze imitungo irimo amazu cyangwa ibibanza bifite agaciro ka milyari 1Frw.
Aha ni cya gihe usanga n’umuntu ku myaka 40 nta n’ibikorwa bihambaye afite ariko ugasanga arubaka inzu zigeretse.
Havugiyaremye avuga ko uwo ‘mushumba’ iyo afashwe na we ashobora gukurikiranwaho icyaha cyo kudasobanura inkomoko y’umutungo ndetse akaba yanakurikiranwaho kuba icyitso cya wa muntu wanyereje umutungo.
Ati “Abantu birinde kuba abashumba, kuko umunsi tuzaza ntubashe gusobanura inkomoko y’uwo mutungo, ibyo ni icyaha. Abantu bajye babyitondera kubera ko amategeko arahari yo kubakurikirana kandi ateganya n’ibihano bikakaye”.
Izi nzego zose zivuga ko amategeko ahari kandi n’ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana umuntu wese ukoresha nabi ibya rubanda, ari na yo mpamvu abaturage basabwa gutanga amakuru kugira ngo igihugu cyimakaze gukorera mu mucyo.
