TVET ni impine y'amagambo y'Icyongereza 'Technical and Vocational Education Training', ni ukuvuga amashuri ya tekiniki, imyuga n'ubumenyingiro.
Uko iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ku rwego mpuzamahanga ryihuta ni ko n'imiterere y'umurimo ihinduka. Kuri ubu hagezweho imodoka zitwara n'izifite ikoranabuhanga rifasha mu kugaragaza ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose zifite hatabayeho uruhare rw'umukanishi. Ibi byiyongeraho Gari ya Moshi zihuta, imashini zizi ubwenge (Artificial Intelligence), indege zitagira abapilote, ikoranabuhanga rikomeye mu nganda n'ibindi.
Ibi bitanga ishusho y'uburyo urubyiruko rw'uyu munsi rukeneye gutegurwa kuzahangana n'ibizaba biri ku isoko ry'umurimo mu bihe bizaza aho kwisanga rwasigaye inyuma nk'uko byagenze ku bishyuzaga abagenzi ku modoka rusange mbere y'uko haduka Tap & Go mu Rwanda.
Amasomo akenewe kwigishwa ni atuma ab'ubu babasha kwaguka mu bitekerezo ndetse bakagira ibyo bahanga bikemura ibibazo bihari bakagira uruhare mu izamuka ry'ubukungu.
Amasomo ya TVET arimo ibyiciro bitatu birimo icy'amashuri yisumbuye yigisha tekiniki (TSS) cyakira abarangije Icyiciro Rusange (Tronc Commun) bashaka kwiga amasomo afite aho ahuriye na tekiniki abategura kwinjira ku isoko ry'umurimo cyangwa bakaba bakomeza mu mashuri makuru na kaminuza.
Iki cyiciro gisa n'aho kitaramenyekana kuko hakiri benshi bibwira ko umunyeshuri woherezwa muri TVET ari uwatsinzwe andi masomo asanzwe nk'uko Umuyobozi Mukuru w'Urwego rw'Igihugu Rushinzwe Amashuri ya Tekiniki, Imyuga n'Ubumenyingiro (Rwanda TVET Board), Umukunzi Paul aherutse kubibwira itangazamakuru.
Ati 'Abantu benshi ntibaramenya ko hari amashuri ya tekiniki yo ku rwego rw'ayisumbuye yoherezwamo abarangije Tronc Commun bashobora kuzamukiramo bakagera aho bifuza. Usanga umubyeyi avuga ati 'umwana wanjye ni umuhanga ntabwo yajya muri TVET.''
Ikindi ni icy'abatarabashije kwiga ngo barenge icyiciro rusange cy'amashuri yisumbuye bigishwa imyuga imara umwaka umwe (Vocational Training Schools) ndetse n'amasomo atangirwa mu nganda (Vocational Traing Centers) aho abantu biga akazi kameze nk'agakorerwa muri izo nganda baba bigiramo.
Umukunzi yavuze ko abavuga ko batakohereza abana babo muri TVET kandi baratsinze neza babiterwa no kudasobanukirwa n'aho Isi igana.
Ati 'Imyumvire iragenda ihinduka ariko ntiragera aho twifuza. Icyo twifuza ni uko Abanyarwanda bose bumva ko Isi ihinduka uko ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere. Ejo hazaza hazaba ari heza ariko ku biteguye bafite ubumenyi bubabashisha gukora imirimo izaba ikenewe.'
Yongeyeho ati 'Turagira ngo ababyeyi, urubyiruko, Abanyarwanda bumve ko isoko ry'umurimo riri guhinduka, rikeneye ubumenyingiro na tekiniki. Byaba biteye impungenge tutajyanye n'aho tekinoloji iri kugana kuko uko u Rwanda rumenyekana, inganda zikomeye zishaka kuza kuhakorera.'
'Byaba biteye agahinda bashoye imari mu Rwanda ariko bakabura abakozi bashoboye bakoresha. Byaba biteye agahinda dufite igihugu kirimo urubyiruko rufite imbaraga ariko rudafite ubumenyi bukenewe ku isoko ry'umurimo.'
Incamake ya porogaramu ya TVET mu Rwanda
Mu masomo yigishwa muri TVET harimo ubwubatsi na serivisi zijyanye na bwo, tekinoloji mu by'ingufu, 'electronic' na 'telecommunication', amahoteli n'ubukerarugendo, ikoranabuhanga, ubuhanzi n'ubukorikori. Hari kandi ubuhinzi no gutunganya umusaruro ubukomokaho, ibinyabiziga no gutwara abantu n'ikoranabuhanga mu by'inganda n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro.
Aya masomo yose ateganyijwe haba ku biga kuva mu cyiciro cya gatatu (abarangije Tronc Commun) kugeza ku cya gatanu (abasoje ayisumbuye) bashobora guhita bajya ku isoko ry'umurimo cyangwa gukomeza muri kaminuza kugeza kuri 'Masters' (MTech).
Abo mu cyiciro cya kabiri no ku cya mbere bahita bajya ku isoko ry'umurimo kandi bakaba biteguye neza kubona akazi cyangwa kukihangira.
Umwihariko kuri Rwanda Coding Academy
Rwanda Coding Academy ni rimwe mu mashuri ya tekiniki ryigisha ikoranabuhanga (ICT and Multimedia) riherereye mu Karere ka Nyabihu, Intara y'Iburengerazuba.
Ryatangiye mu 2019, ryakira abanyeshuri 60 batsinze neza amasomo ya siyansi mu cyiciro rusange buri mwaka.
Amafaranga y'ishuri hamwe n'ibikoresho byose bakenera bitangwa na Leta. Rifite abarimu b'inzobere ku buryo ngo bazarangiza bashobora guhatana n'abo mu bindi bihugu mu bumenyi nk'ubwo.
Nubwo amashuri ya tekiniki, imyuga n'ubumenyingiro ahenze ugereranyije n'ayishyurwa mu y'ubumenyi rusange, ubuyobozi bwa RTB buvuga ko Leta yamaze kubona icyo kibazo bityo ko nyuma yo kongera ibikoresho mu mashuri n'icy'amafaranga y'ishuri kizashakirwa igisubizo.
Abasaga ibihumbi 76 ni bo biga muri TSS muri iki gihe naho mu bindi byiciro bagenda basimburana kandi byitabirwa n'abanyeshuri benshi. Gahunda ya Leta ni uko mu 2024 abanyeshuri bangana na 60% barangije icyiciro rusange bazaba biga muri TVET. Kuri ubu 31%.
Amashuri ya TVET azaba amaze kuba 426 hafi rimwe kuri buri murenge naho 86% bazaba bashobora kubona akazi mu mezi atandatu basoje amasomo.
Amashuri ya TVET azaba afite ibikorwaremezo by'ibanze mu ikoranabuhanga ndetse abarimu bigisha muri aya mashuri bazaba bujuje ibisabwa ku rugero rw'ijana ku ijana. Integanyanyigisho zizaba zigenderwaho na zo zizaba zihuye 100% n'ibikenewe ku isoko ry'umurimo.
