Ubwongereza bwafatiye ibihano abantu ku giti cyabo, amabanki n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi, byose bifitanye isano n'Uburusiya kubera intambara bwashoje kuri Ukraine.
Leta y'Ubwongereza ikomeje kwotswa igitutu ngo irusheho kugira icyo ikora mu guhagarika amafaranga y'Uburusiya yinjira mu Bwongereza.
Minisitiri w'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu, Priti Patel yavuze ko adahisha ko hashize igihe kirekire London yarabaye ahantu abantu baza kogereza amafaranga babonye mu buryo bubi.
Amafaranga y'abarusiya ari mu Bwongereza angana gute?
Abaherwe benshi n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi byo mu Burusiya no hirya no hino ku isi bashora imali mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko mu masoko y'imali n'ubucuruzi bw'amazu mu Bwongereza.
Ariko umuryango urwanya ruswa ku isi, Transparency International, uvuga ko amazu yo mu Bwongereza afite agaciro k'amafaranga y'amapawundi miliyari imwe n'igice afitwe n'abarusiya bashinjwa ibyaha byo mu rwego rw'imali cyangwa bafite aho bahuriye n'ubutegetsi bw'Uburusiya.
Icyegeranyo cya minisiteri y'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu kivuga ko Ubwongereza burimo umubare uri hejuru w'imali yabonetse mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko y'abarusiya cyangwa ifite aho ihuriye nabo. Iyi mali ngo ikoreshwa mu bintu birimo kugura amazu meza ahenze cyane, imodoka, kwishyura amafaranga y'ishuri, rimwe na rimwe ikanatangwa nk'imfashanyo mu bigo by'umuco muri gahunda yo 'kugirango banyirayo babonwe neza'.
Ntibyoroshye kubona amakuru ku bijyanye n'amazu, ashobora kugurwa mu izina ry'ikigo cy'ubucuruzi aho kwandikwa ku mazina y'abantu ku giti cyabo. Urutonde rw'umutungo w'ibigo byo mu mahanga mu Bwongereza na Wales rwerekana ko ku mazu 94 000 yanditse ku bigo by'ubucuruzi byo mu mahanga, ane gusa ariyo yanditse ku bigo by'ubucuruzi byo mu Burusiya.
Ariko birashoboka cyane ko andi mazu menshi agurwa ashobora kuba ari ay'abarusiya ku giti cyabo bagura bakoresheje ibigo byo mu bindi bihugu nka British Virgin Islands.
Urugero ni nka Alexei Chepa, umurusiya w'umunyapolitiki akaba n'umucuruzi, wakoreshe ikigo cyo muri British Virgin Islands mu kugura inzu nini cyane y'ibyumba icumi ahitwa Holland Park muri 2011 â€" yaje kugurishwa umwaka ushize miliyoni 25 z'amapawundi. Abamuhagarariye bavuze ko iyo nzu yaguzwe mu buryo bwari bwemewe n'amategeko nkuko yabigiriwemo inama icyo gihe.
Ikibazo cy'ikoreshwa ry'ibigo byo muri ibyo bihugu bigizwe n'ibirwa cyashyizwe ahagaragara igihe hatangazwaga inyandiko z'ibanga miliyoni 12 zamenyekanye cyane mu izina rya Pandora Papers mu kwezi kwa cumi muri 2021.
Zashyize ku karubanda bamwe mu baherwe bo kuri iyi isi, zitangaza ubukire buhishwe, guhunga imisoro, no kuri bamwe, kwinjiza amafaranga afite inkomoko mbi mu mafaranga asanzwe.
Abashakashatsi bavumbuye ibigo by'ubucuruzi birenga 700 byo mu bihugu bigizwe n'ibirwa byaguze amazu mu Bwongereza maze basanga 5% muri iyo afitwe n'abarusiya.
Kubera iki abashoramali b'abarusiya bakunda Ubwongereza?
Hashize igihe kinini umujyi wa London abarusiya b'abaherwe bawerekezamo kugirango bahature, bagure amazu kandi banashore imali.
Urwego rwa mbere mu gutanga impushya za visa zo kwinjira mu Bwongereza ku bashoramali ruzwi nka Tier 1 (investor) visa scheme, rwemerera gutura mu gihugu abaherwe bashobora gushora imali ingana na miliyoni ebyiri z'amapawundi cyangwa izirenga.
Abahawe izo mpushya bemerwa kwaka uburenganzira bwo gutura burundu mu Bwongereza , hamwe n'imiryango yabo. Gutangira kwaka ubwo burenganzira biterwa n'umubare w'amafaranga biteguye gushora:
- Imyaka ibiri, ku witeguye gushora £10m
- Imyaka itatu, ku witeguye gushora £5m
- Imyaka itanu, ku witeguye gushora £2m
Minisiteri y'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu yatanze visa z'ubushoramali 2581 ku barusiya kuva iyi gahunda yatangira muri 2008.
Leta yayivanyeho ku itariki ya 17 z'ukwa kabiri 2022 kubera igitutu cyuko ifite aho ihuriye n'Uburusiya.
Ibigo by'ubucuruzi by'Uburusiya kandi nabyo byabashije kuvana amafaranga menshi mu igurishwa ry'imigabane ku isoko ry'imigabane rya London.
Ikigo cy'ubucuruzi mu rwego rw'ingufu z'umuriro w'amashanyarazi, En+ kiri mu byahungukiye. Mu gihe cyatangiraga kugurisha imigabane kuri rubanda, iki kigo cyagenzurwaga na Oleg Deripaska, umwe mu bantu bakoranira bya hafi na Perezida Vladmir Putin.
Icyegeranyo cy'inteko nshingamategeko y'Ubwongereza muri 2018 cyasabye leta gusiba icyuho mu bihano byari byafatiwe Uburusiya cyatumye ikigo nka En+ kinjira ku isoko ry'imigabane rya London.
Bwana Deripaska yafatiwe ibihano na leta y'Ubwongereza ku itariki ya 10 z'ukwa gatatu 2022.
Kugeza ubu leta y'Ubwongereza imaze gukora iki?
Muri 2018, leta y'Ubwongereza yatangije uburyo bwo gufatira imitungo itabanje gutegereza ko nyirayo ahamwa icyaha n'inkiko mu rwego mpanabyaha.
Amategeko agenga imitungo yabonetse mu buryo budasobanutse ateganya ko uregwa asobanura aho yavanye amafaranga yakoresheje mu kugura umutungo we.
Ariko rero kugeza ubu, aya mategeko amaze gukoreshwa inshuro enye gusa kandi ni rimwe gusa yatumye uregwa ahara umutungo we.
Itegeko rishya rigenga ibyaha bijyanye n'imali rigamije gutuma aya mategeko abasha gukora neza hakagurwa umubare w'abantu ashobora gukoreshwaho no kurinda leta kugirango idatanga amafaranga menshi cyane mu manza.
Ikindi inkiko zakwiyambaza ni itegeko ryo gufatira konti y'umuntu. Iri tegeko ryemerera inkiko gufatira amafaranga ari muri banki mu gihe zikeka ko nyirayo hari aho ahuriye n'ibikorwa by'ubugizi bwa nabi.
Iri tegeko rimaze gutanga musaruro kugeza ubu kurusha amategeko agenga imitungo yabonetse mu buryo budasobanutse. Aha hatangwa urugero rw'ibyemezo byafatiwe mwishywa wa Perezida wa Syria, Bashar al-Assad n'umuhungu w'uwahoze ari minisitiri w'intebe wa Moldova.
Itegeko rishya rigenga ibyaha bijyanye n'imali ryemejwe n'intekonshingamategeko y'Ubwongereza ku itariki ya 7 z'ukwa gatatu 2022 rinashyiraho igitabo cyandikwamo amazina y'abungukira mu mutungo ufitwe n'abanyamahanga.
Ni ukuvuga umuntu wese ufite cyangwa se ugenzura umutungo kandi akawungukiramo.
Gahunda zo gushyiraho urutonde rw'abo bantu zatangajwe muri 2016 kandi impirimbanyi zavugaga ko kubona rutari ruhari byari imbogamizi ikomeye mu rugamba rwo kurwanya amafaranga afite inkomoko mbi no gufata ibihano.
Uru rutonde ruzajyaho imitungo yaguzwe n'abanyamahanga guhera mu myaka 20 ishize mu Bwongereza no muri Wales no guhera muri 2014 muri Scotland.
Ministri w'intebe w'Ubwongereza, Boris Johnson yavuze ko ibihano bya leta bizagabanya na none umubare w'amafaranga abarusiya bazemererwa kubitsa ku makonti yabo muri iki gihugu.
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