Ubwenge bw'umuntu ni ikintu cyagutse, gishobora gusobanurwa binyuze mu kureba ubushobozi bw'umuntu mu kwibuka ibintu, uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo, igihe akoresha afata ibyo byemezo, uburyo agenzura amarangamutima ye, ubushobozi bwo gutekereza no guhuza amakuru n'ibindi bitandukanye.
Hari uburyo bubaho abantu bashobora gupima ubwenge bwabo, hashingiwe kuri ibyo tumaze kugarukaho. Iki gipimo cy'ubwenge kizwi nka IQ, cyangwa Intelligence Quotient.
Ibyo gupima ubwenge bw'abantu byadutse ahagana mu 1905, ubwo umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze y'abantu, Alfred Binet, yashakaga kumenya abana batari bafite ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana amasomo ku ishuri, dore ko muri ibyo bihe harimo kubaho impinduka mu masomo yigishwa mu mashuri atandukanye mu Bufaransa.
Binet yagize impungenge z'uko abanyeshuri bamwe bashobora kunanirwa gukurikirana ayo masomo, bityo atangira gutekereza uburyo abo banyeshuri bamenyekana kugira ngo bahabwe ubufasha bw'ibanze.
Ni uko yatangiye gushyiraho ibizamini bishobora gufasha mu kwerekana abanyeshuri bafite ubushobozi buke bw'ubwonko, bushobora kubazitira mu masomo yabo.
Uyu mugabo yari azi neza ko igipimo cy'ubwenge gishobora guterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye, birimo ubushobozi karemano bw'umuntu, aho umuntu akomoka, imico ye, uburezi bw'igihugu atuyemo, imiterere yaho, imirire ye n'ibindi byinshi, birimo n'ibyakomeje kuvumburwa nyuma.
Ubushobozi bw'ubwenge bw'umuntu bubarwa hashingiwe ku mibare, aho impuzandengo ku rwego rw'Isi iri hagati ya 90 na 110. Uri hejuru, aba afite ubwonko bwe bufite ubushobozi bwisumbuye, cyangwa se afite ubwenge bwinshi. Uri munsi na we aba afite ubwenge buke, yajya munsi ya 65 akaba ashobora no gufatwa nk'ufite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe.
Uburyo ibipimo by'ubwenge biboneka, bafata ikigero rusange cy'ubwenge bw'abantu runaka, ubundi bakagenda bagihuza n'ibipimo by'umuntu ku giti cye, bikarangira habonetse igipimo cy'umuntu ku giti cye.
Uburyo bwo gupima igipimo rusange cy'ubwenge bw'abantu nacyo gishingira ku birimo imyaka yabo n'ibindi, kuko uko umuntu akura, amahirwe y'uko ubwenge bwe bwiyongera bitewe n'amakuru agenda abona ariyongera.
Mu gupima ubushobozi bw'umuntu mu gutekereza, hafatwa igipimo cy'ubushobozi bw'umuntu ugereranyije n'itsinda abarizwamo, kikagabanywa imyaka ye, igisubizo kibonetse kigakubwa na 100, umubare wa nyuma ukaba ari wo kimenyetso cy'ubwenge bw'umuntu.
Igipimo cy'ubushobozi bw'umuntu ugereranyije n'itsinda abarizwamo, kibarwa harebwa ubushobozi yihariye ku giti cye ugereranyije n'itsinda barizwamo. Nk'urugero, ushobora gusanga umwana w'imyaka 10 afite ubushobozi bw'umwana w'imyaka 12, hashingiwe ku buryo asubiza ibibazo abazwa. Icyo gihe hafatwa 12 y'igipimo cy'ubushobozi bw'umuntu ugereranyije n'itsinda abarizwamo, ukagabanya imyaka ye, ari yo 10, ubundi ugakuba 100. Icyo gihe uraza gusanga uyu mwana afite ubwenge (IQ) bungana na 120.
Mu gihe kandi uzi IQ yawe, ushobora no kumenya igipimo cy'ubwenge cyawe ugereranyije n'itsinda ry'abantu ubarizwamo. Ibi bishoboka ufashe igipimo cy'ubwenge bwawe, IQ, ukagabanya 100, ugakuba n'imyaka ufite.
Nk'urugero, umwana w'imyaka ine, ufite IQ ya 150, afite ubushobozi bw'abana b'imyaka itandatu, nubwo we afite imyaka ine. Ibi bishoboka ufashe 150/100, igisubizo ubonye ukagikuba na kane (imyaka y'umwana).
Abantu bangana na 2% mu bakorerwaho ibizamini nibo bagira amanota ari hejuru ya 132, bisobanuye ko baba bafite ubwenge budasanzwe, aba banagira Ishyirahamwe ryabo, rizwi nka Mensa International.
Abantu bakomeye bavumbuye ibintu bihambaye ku Isi babarwa mu bari bafite ikigero cy'ubwenge gitangaje. Nka Charles Darwin wagaragaje ko iturika rizwi nka 'Big Bang' ari ryo nkomoko y'Isi, abarirwa amanota 165, bivuze ko ari umwe mu bantu badasanzwe bagize ikigero cy'ubwenge kiri hejuru ku Isi.
Abandi nka Albert Einstein babarirwa mu manota ari hagati ya 160 na 180, mu gihe Sir Isaac Newton abarirwa amanota arenga 190. N'uyu munsi, bamwe mu bantu bageze ku bintu bidasanzwe byahinduye ubuzima bw'abatuye Isi, babarirwa igipimo cy'ubwenge kiri hejuru.
Nka Bill Gates wagize uruhare mu guhimba 'Microsoft,' abarirwa igipimo kiri hejuru ya 160, ari nako bimeze kuri Steve Jobs wagize uruhare mu guhanga telefoni zizwi nka 'smartphones.'
Icyakora abahanga batandukanye ntabwo bemeranya ku buryo bwo gupima IQ y'umuntu, kuko bamwe bavuga ko ubushobozi umuntu agaragaza mu kizamini bushobora gushingira ku bintu byinshi, birimo ubwoba n'ibindi bidashobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo nyamara bidasobanura neza ubushobozi bw'umuntu.
Ikindi ni uko ubwenge bw'umuntu bushingira ku muco we n'ibindi bitandukanye, kandi kuba imico itandukanye bikaba bishobora kugira uruhare mu kugena ibipimo by'ubwenge ahantu.
Nk'urugero, mu ibazwa ry'umwana w'Umunyamerika, kutamenya Nelson Mandela ntabwo ari ikintu kidasanzwe, nk'uko byaba bimeze aramutse atazi nka George Washington ahora yigishwa.
Habaho uburyo bwo gukora igereranya ry'ibipimo by'ubwenge ku bihugu runaka, aho u Rwanda rubarirwa kugira amanota 70 gusa.
U Buyapani bufite amanota 106 buyoboye ibindi bihugu mu kugira igipimo cy'ubwenge kiri hejuru, hashingiwe ku rutonde rwakozwe na World Population Review. Taiwan iyigwa mu ntege n'amanota 106, Singapore ikagira 105, inganya na Hong Kong.
U Bushinwa bufite 104, Koreya y'Epfo ikagira 102, Belarus ikagira 101 inganya na Finland ndetse na Liechtenstein. U Budage n'u Buholandi bisoza uru rutonde n'amanota 100.
Source : http://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/uburyo-wamenya-ingano-y-ubwenge-bwawe
