Imizi y'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ishoye mu butegetsi bw'abakoloni binjiye mu Rwanda bagasanga bitoroshye kuyobora abarutuye bagahitamo kubacamo ibice.
Baba abayobozi b'abazungu n'abanyamadini nka Kiliziya Gatolika bari bafite ingengabitekerezo y'amacakubiri n'irondakarere.
Ibyinshi byahererekanywaga mu mashuri ndetse benshi barabitora ariko havamo bake binjiye muri politiki ntibayoboka uwo mugambi mubisha wari ushyigikiwe n'ubutegetsi bwariho.
Indege ya Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana ikimara guhanurwa ku wa 6 Mata 1994, abanyapolitiki 13 bari mu buyobozi ariko bazwiho kutavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bwe, bishwe n'ingabo zamurindaga.
Abo bibukwa ku wa 13 Mata mu rugendo rw'iminsi 100 Abanyarwanda bibuka inzirakarengane zazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ngo babere ababakurikiye urugero rw'ubutwari.
Umuvugizi w'Ihuriro Nyunguranabitekerezo ry'Imitwe ya Politiki yemewe mu Rwanda, Depite Elisabeth Mukamana, yabwiye IGIHE ko hari amasomo menshi bigira ku banyapolitiki banze kuyoboka umugambi wa Jenoside wari ushyizwe imbere na Leta yariho.
Ati 'Bariya banyapolitiki ni urugero rwiza cyane kuko babaye intwari, baba inyangamugayo, banga kuvuga ngo mpemuke ndamuke, barahaguruka baravuga bati 'tugiye kurwanya Leta y'igitugu yamunzwe n'amacakubiri, tugiye kugaragaza ukuri mu Banyarwanda'.'
Depite Mukamana yavuze ko indangagaciro zarangaga Abanyarwanda mbere y'ubukoloni no ku gihe cya Repubulika ya mbere n'iya kabiri zari zarazimiye, ariko aba banyapolitiki bishwe bo bari bakizifite.
Ati 'Indangagaciro zirimo gukunda igihugu, kuvugisha ukuri, kuba inyangamugayo bo bari bazifite kuko byagaragajwe n'ibikorwa bakoze. Baduhaye urugero rwiza ari na yo mpamvu hano mu ihuriro tutaza ngo duhangane ahubwo buri wese atanga igitekerezo cye tukakiganiraho mu bwumvikane, kugira ngo igihugu cyacu gikomeze cyubakwe.'
Yavuze ko bagendera ku myitwarire ya buri wese mu banyapolitiki 12 bishwe kubera ibitekerezo byiza bari bafite.
Abanyapolitiki bashyinguye mu Rwibutso rwa Rebero ni Faustin Rucogoza wari mu Ishyaka MDR; Landouard Ndasingwa, Charles Kayiranga, Aloys Niyoyita, Venantie Kabageni, André Kameya, Jean de la Croix Rutaremara na Augustin Rwayitare bari mu Ishyaka PL; hari Frederic Nzamurambaho, Félicien Ngango, Jean Baptiste Mushimiyimana bari mu Ishyaka PSD.
Hari kandi Joseph Kavaruganda wari Perezida w'Urukiko Rusesa Imanza n'Urukiko rurinda Itegeko Nshinga. Uwilingiyimana Agathe wari Minisitiri w'Intebe ashyinguwe mu gicumbi cy'Intwari z'u Rwanda i Remera.
Aba banyapolitiki baranzwe n'iki?
Aba banyapolitiki bibukwa ku munsi wo gusoza icyumweru cyo Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994, tugiye ku garuka ku ncamake y'amateka yabo.
Ndasingwa Landouard
Uyu munyapolitiki wari uhagarariye ishyaka riharanira ukwishyira ukizana PL Parti Libérale), yabifatanyaga n'ubucuruzi kuko yari nyiri Hotel Chez Lando iherereye ku Kisimenti mu Mujyi wa Kigali.
Ndasingwa yize mu Rwanda, akomereza muri Kaminuza zitandukanye zo muri Canada, nyuma yo kurangiza agaruka mu Rwanda, ashingwa imirimo inyuranye. Gusa ubutegetsi bwariho ntibwahwemye kumushinja kuba icyitso cy'Inkotanyi, kugeza ubwo mu 1990 yabifungiwe.
Yabaye Minisitiri w'umurimo n'imibereho myiza muri Guverinoma y'inzibacyuho ya Habyarimana, yashyizweho nyuma y'amasezerano ya Arusha.
Yakunze kurangwa no kurwanya akarengane, aharanira ko habaho ukwishyira ukizana kw'Abanyarwanda bose nta vangura.
Jenoside igitangira tariki ya 7 Mata 1994, ingabo zarindaga umukuru w'igihugu zamukuye mu rugo iwe, hamwe n'umugore we Hélène Pinski wari Umunya-Canada bari barabyaranye abana babiri, bose zirabica.
Agathe Uwilingiyimana
Agathe Uwilingiyimana yavukiye i Butare mu 1953, yiga amashuri atandukanye harimo na Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda. Yakoze imirimo itandukanye ifite aho ihuriye n'Uburezi, akora no muri za Minisiteri zitandukanye aho nko mu 1992, yagizwe Minisitiri w'Uburezi wa mbere uturuka mu bataravugaga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, muri gahunda yo kugabana ubutegetsi yari yumvikanweho hagati ya Perezida Habyarimana n'amashyaka atanu ataravugaga rumwe n'ubutegetsi.
Muri izo nshingano yahawe, yagize uruhare mu gukumira itonesha ryariho mu mitsindire y'abanyeshuri no gutanga za buruse, ashyiraho imirongo yo guha bose amahirwe angana hatitawe ku kuba Umututsi cyangwa Umuhutu.
Nubwo iyo myitwarire ye itari ishyigikiwe n'ubuyobozi bwariho, ntibyamubujije kugirwa Minisitiri w'Intebe mu 1993 nk'umugore wa mbere wahawe iyi mirimo mu Rwanda.
Mu mikorere n'imyitwarire ye, yakunze gushyira imbere kurwanya icyenewabo, ruswa no kudashyigikira ivanguramoko mu Banyarwanda.
Mu gitondo cy'itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, umunsi Jenoside yatangiriyeho, nyuma y'amasaha make indege ya Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal ihanuwe, urugo rwa Agathe Uwilingiyimana witeguraga kujya gutanga ubutumwa bw'ihumure kuri Radio y'Igihugu, rwagoswe n'ingabo zarindaga umukuru w'igihugu, yicwanwa n'umugabo we.
Icyakora abana babo uko ari batanu nubwo byari bigoranye, babashije kurokoka bigizwemo uruhare n'umusirikare w'Umunya Sénégal wari mu ngabo za MINUAR, bahungishirizwa ku mugabane w'u Burayi ari naho babarizwa kugeza ubu.
Kavaruganda Joseph
Kavaruganda yavukiye ahitwa i Tare mu Burundi mu 1935, ari naho yize amashuri abanza. Ayisumbuye yayakomereje mu Rwanda, aho yavuye ajya kwiga muri Kaminuza mu Bubiligi, ahakura impamyabushobozi y'Ikirenga muri filozofiya.
Mu 1967 yagarutse mu Rwanda, aba umuyobozi w'icyahoze ari Ikigo cy'imari cyitwaga Caisse d'Epargne.
Kuva mu 1974 yagizwe Perezida w'Urukiko rurinda ubusugire bw'Itegeko Nshinga, akaba ari na we wari ushinzwe kurahiza umukuru w'igihugu.
Kavaruganda yagiranye amakimbirane na Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal, ashingiye ku bibazo by'amategeko ndetse bigera n'ubwo ashinja Habyarimana kudaha uburenganzira bwa Politiki amashyaka ataravugaga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bwe, ibyafatwaga nk'ubusumbane hagati y'ayo mashyaka n'ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi rya MRND.
Kavaruganda yarwanyije ingengabitekerezo y'ivangura yiswe Hutu Power. Nk'umuntu wakoraga mu bijyanye n'amategeko, yaharaniraga ko abantu bose bagira uburenganzira ku gihugu cyabo, by'umwihariko Abatutsi bari baramenesherejwe mu buhungiro, yifuza ko bagaruka mu gihugu cyabo, ku bw'imishyikirano hagati ya Guverinoma yariho na FPR-Inkotanyi.
Ibyo byatumye abatari bashyigikiye ibitekerezo bye, kimwe n'itegurwa ry'amasezerano ya Arusha yanagizemo uruhare, yo guhagarika intambara hagati ya Guverinoma yariho na FPR, batishimirwa na bamwe mu bayobozi bo mu nzego zo hejuru, bamwotsa igitutu kivanze n'uko muri iyo myaka yabanjirije Jenoside, bagerageje kumwica inshuro nyinshi akarusimbuka.
Icyakora itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, ho ntiyabashije kurusimbuka kuko ingabo zarindaga umukuru w'igihugu, zinjiye mu rugo rwa Kavaruganda, zihamukura zimwizeza ko zimujyanye ahantu hafite umutekano wizewe.
Izo ngabo zagiye kumwicira mu kigo cya gisirikare ku Kimihurura, zikumira ko atabangamira irahira rya Guverinoma nshya y'abatabazi, yashyizweho mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amasezerano y'amahoro ya Arusha, nyuma gato y'urupfu rw'uwahoze ari Perezida Habyarimana.
Rucogoza Faustin
Yabarizwaga mu Ishyaka rya MDR, ari Minisitiri w'Itangazamakuru. Ubwo Radio RTLM yari ikomeje umugambi wayo wo gucamo Abanyarwanda ibice no kubabibamo urwango, Rucogoza mu 1993, yamaganye imvugo zanyuzwaga kuri iyi Radio.
Nubwo yari iy'abayobozi bari bakomeye muri icyo gihe, ntibyamubujije kuyihanangiriza no kuyisaba kudakomeza gukora inkuru n'ibiganiro byari mu murongo wo gutiza umurindi amacakubiri.
Rucogoza n'umugore we n'abana, indege ya Habyarimana igihanurwa tariki 6 Mata 1994, barafashwe, bajyanwa mu kigo cy'ingabo zarindaga umukuru w'igihugu, ari na ho biciwe bukeye bwaho.
Nzamurambaho Frédérique
Yari Minisitiri w'Ubuhinzi akaba na Perezida w'Ishyaka rya PSD. Yavutse mu 1942 mu Karere ka Nyamagabe. Ishyaka PSD yari ahagarariye, ni rimwe mu mashyaka yahanganye bikomeye n'ingoma ya Habyarimana ndetse agira n'uruhare mu mishyikirano yaberaga i Arusha yo kugarura amahoro.
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi igitangira, abasirikare barindaga umukuru w'igihugu, bamwicanye n'umuryango we.
Ngango Félicien
Yari umuyobozi wungirije w'ishyaka PSD ari n'umwe mu mpirimbanyi zikomeye zaryo. Yari no ku rutonde rw'abanyapolitiki b'iryo shyaka bagombaga gushyirwa muri Guverinoma hakurikijwe amasezerano y'amahoro yo muri Arusha mu gihe cy'igabana ry'ubutegetsi.
Ibitekerezo byakunze kumuranga, bishyira imbere ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda no kurwanya irondabwoko, ubuyobozi bwariho, bwarabirwanyije kugeza ubwo yicwa tariki ya 7 Mata 1994.
Mushimiyimana Jean Baptiste
Na we yari mu ishyaka PSD ari n'umujyanama mu bya politiki mu yahoze ari MINITRAPE. Yavukiye mu Karere ka Ruhango mu wa 1954. We n'umugore we n'abana babiri bakuwe mu rugo rwabo rwari ku Kimihurura, bicwa n'abasirikare barindaga umukuru w'igihugu.
Kameya André
Uyu mugabo yari yaravukiye mu Karere ka Gisagara mu 1946. Ni umwe mu bashinze Ishyaka PL, aba no mu bayobozi bakuru baryo, akaba yarabaye umunyamakuru wa ORINFOR, akanashinga ikinyamakuru cyitwa Rwanda rushya, cyahanganaga n'ibindi binyamakuru byari bishyigikiye ubutegetsi bwariho.
Ibitekerezo bye byo kurwanya urwango n'amacakubiri mu Banyarwanda yarabizize kugeza ubwo muri Kamena 1994 yishwe akuwe muri St Paul, aho yari yahungiye.
Venantie Kabageni
Yavukiye mu yahoze ari Komini Kayove, ubu ni muri Rutsiro mu 1944. Yari mu ishyaka rya PL anaribereye Visi Perezida wa mbere, akaba yari no ku rutonde rw'abagombaga guhagararira iryo shyaka mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko. Yiciwe i Butamwa mu gitero cy'abicanyi bamurashe amasasu muri Mata 1994.
Charles Kayiranga
Yari umuyobozi mukuru muri Minisiteri y'Ubutabera, akaba no mu ishyaka rya PL. Yavutse mu 1949 mu Karere ka Nyanza. Jenoside igitangira, Ingabo zarindaga umukuru w'Igihugu zamwicanye n'umuryango we ku Kimihurura.
Maître Niyoyita Aloys
Yavutse mu 1954. Yari mu ishyaka rya PL abifatanya n'umwuga wo kunganira abantu mu by'amategeko, akaba ari na we wari kuzaba Minisitiri w'Ubutabera muri Guverinoma y'inzibacyuho itarigeze ibaho, kubera ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'umugambi wo gutsemba Abatutsi. Na we yishwe muri Mata 1994, azizwa ko atigeze ashyigikira na rimwe imikorere idahwitse ku butegetsi bwa Habyarimana.
Augustin Rwayitare
Yavukiye mu yahoze ari Komini Rukara, ubu ni mu Karere ka Kayonza mu 1956. Yabaye umuyobozi muri Minisiteri y'umurimo n'imibereho y'Abaturage, akaba yari mu ishyaka PL, aho yarwanyije ingoma ya Habyarima.
Muri Jenoside, Interahamwe n'abasirikare bamukuye iwe tariki 20 Mata 1994, bajya kumurasira mu muhanda wari haruguru y'aho yari atuye.
Jean de la Croix Rutaremara
Yavutse mu 1958, mu Karere ka Karongi. Na we yari umurwanashyaka wa PL, utarigeze anezezwa na politiki yo kwimika urwango, bituma muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi na we yicwa tariki 9 Mata 1994.
Abanyapolitiki bishwe muri Jenoside, bibukwa buri mwaka kuva mu mwaka wa 2006. Umuhango ukaba ubera ku rwibutso rwa Rebero tariki 13 Mata buri mwaka hanasozwa icyumweru cy'icyunamo.
