Ikibazo cy'ubwikorezi mu Rwanda giherutse kugarukwaho na Perezida Paul Kagame muri Mutarama mu 2023 ubwo yakiraga indahiro ya Perezida mushya wa Sena, Dr Kalinda François Xavier.
Muri gare no ku byapa bitandukanye, abagenzi bavuga ko bamara amasaha bategereje imodoka abandi bakararara muri gare ugasanga bibiciye akazi n'izindi gahunda bari bafite.
Uyu munsi iyo witegereje neza ibibazo u Rwanda ruri gucamo mu bijyanye n'ubwikorezi bw'abantu n'ibintu, bijya gusa n'ibyo u Bushinwa bwari bufite mu myaka mike ishize kandi bwo bukagira n'imbogamizi z'uko ari igihugu kinini kandi gifite abaturage benshi.
Bufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare miliyoni 9,6 n'abaturage barenga gato miliyari 1,4. Ibi bishobora gutuma wibaza ibanga iki gihugu cyakoresheje kugira ngo uyu mubare munini w'abagituye bose babashe kubona uburyo bwo gukora ingendo bitabangirije gahunda.
Bumwe mu buryo bwafashije u Bushinwa mu bijyanye n'ingendo ni gari ya moshi iki gihugu cyatangiye gukoresha mu 2008 zizwi nka 'Bullet trains', izina zikomora ku muvuduko wazo ugereranywa n'uw'isasu.
Kugeza ubu u Bushinwa bufite gari ya moshi zo muri ubu bwoko 2.800 zijya mu byerekezo bitandukanye. Bibarwa ko nibura buri umwaka izi gari ya moshi zitwara abagenzi babarirwa muri miliyari ebyiri.
Abakunze kuzifashisha ni abagana mu byerekezo bya Shanghai-Nanning, Shanghaiâ€"Chengdu, Beijingâ€"Shanghai, Beijingâ€"Guangzhouâ€"Shenzhenâ€"Hong Kong. Hari benshi bibaza ibanga riri muri izi gari ya moshi ku buryo uyu munsi umubare w'abaziyoboka mu Bushinwa uruta uw'abakoresha indege.
Nk'uko izina ryazo ribisobanura, kimwe mu byatumye izi gari ya moshi zigarurira imitima ya benshi ni umuvuduko wazo, ushobora kugera kuri kilometero 350 mu isaha, bivuze ko mu munota umwe ishobora kugenda kilometero eshanu ndetse ahantu indege igenda amasaha abiri yo ihagenda amasaha atanu, ibintu bitari byarigeze bibaho mu mateka y'ubwikorezi bwo ku butaka.
Mbere y'uko iyi gari ya moshi itangira gukoreshwa nibura byasabaga abava ko Beijing bajya muri Shanghai (intera ya kilometero 1200) gukora urugendo rw'amasaha arenga 12, ariko ubu bakoresha atanu.
Kugeza ubu iyi gari ya moshi yo mu Bushinwa ni yo ya mbere yihuta ku Isi, aho iza imbere y'izindi zikomeye ku Isi nka TGV y'Abafaransa, ICE3 y'Abadage na JR East E5 y'Abayapani.
Zimwe mu mpamvu zatumye ubu bwoko bushya bwa gari ya moshi bubasha guca aka gahigo ni uburyo imihanda yazo yubatse.
Mu kuyubaka hirindwa amakorosi ku buryo aho bibaye ngombwa basatura umusozi aho kuwubererekera. Ibi bituma ikomeza kugendera ku muvuduko wo hejuru cyane ko nta makorosi ihura nayo.
Mu kubasha kubaka umuhanda ugororotse neza, inzira z'iyi gari ya moshi zishyirwa mu kirere hifashishijwe inkingi nini kandi nyinshi. Kimwe n'ibindi binyabiziga byinshi nayo itwarwa n'umushoferi ariko ibikorwa byinshi birimo nko kugabanya umuvuduko, guhagarara n'ibindi irabyikoresha.
Kugeza ubu u Bushinwa bufite izi gari ya moshi zibarirwa mu 2800 zihuza imijyi igera kuri 500 ndetse zikagera mu ntara 33 muri 34 zigize u Bushinwa.
Ziri mu Rwanda byaba bimeze gute?
Mu minsi mike ishize nayigenzemo, mu by'ukuri iyo wicaye imbere ntushobora no kumenya ko iri kwihuta cyane uretse nk'igihe urebye mu idirishya ukabona uburyo muri guca ku bindi binyabiziga mu gihe kitageze no ku isegonda.
Iyo uri hanze ukayireba igenda, umenya ari nka bya bindi bavuga ngo ikintu giciyeho nk'umuyaga, bamwe bashobora kugira ngo ni amakabyankuru ariko twifashishije ingero byakumvikana neza.
Urugendo Kigali-Muhanga rureshya na kilometero 48,7. Ku modoka yihuse nibura bishobora gufata iminota 40 kugira ngo ube uvuye hamwe ugeze ahandi. Mu gihe hakoreshwa ubu bwoko bwa gari ya moshi, iminota umunani yaba ihagije ngo ube uvuye i Kigali ugeze i Muhanga.
Nk'igihe ukeneye kujya i Rubavu uvuye i Kigali wakoresha iminota 15, igihe uva Kigali ujya Huye ugakoresha 24 mu gihe mu busanzwe bitwara amasaha ari hejuru y'abiri.
Uramutse ukoresheje iyi gari ya moshi uva nka Nyagatare ujya i Rusizi ho nibura byagufata iminota 56. Ibi bivuze ko aho waba utaha hose mu Rwanda ushobora gukorera muri Kigali ariko ukarara iwawe.
Mu mikorere y'izi gari ya moshi, zigira aho zihagurukira n'aho zigarukira ariko zikagira n'aho zigenda zihagarara mu nzira, bivuze ko nko mu gihe Gari ya Moshi yaba ikora mu cyerekezo cya Kigali-Rusizi, ishobora guhagarara i Muhanga gato abantu bakavamo, ikongera guhagarara Ruhango, Nyanza cyangwa se i Huye.
U Rwanda nk'igihugu kiri gutera imbere byihuse ari nako umubare w'abaturage biyongera bizagorana ko mu myaka iri imbere abantu bose bashobora gukorera muri Kigali ari naho baba. Bivuze ko nibura ubu buryo bw'ingendo bwihuta bwafasha ku buryo umuntu ashobora gukorera i Kigali ataha i Butare kandi ntakerewe akazi cyangwa ngo agereyo afite umunaniro.
Akandi karusho k'izi gari ya moshi ugereranyije n'imodoka zisanzwe ni uko zitwara abantu benshi, aho nibura imwe ishobora gutwara abagera ku 1300.
Uretse kwihutisha ingendo, ikindi kibazo izi gari ya moshi zishobora gukemura mu gihe zaba zikoreshwa mu Rwanda ni ikijyanye n'impanuka.
Imibare igaragaza ko ko kugeza mu Ukuboza 2022 mu Rwanda, abantu bishwe n'impanuka bari 729, ugereranyije na 655 bapfuye kugeza mu Ukuboza 2021 na 687 kugeza mu Ukuboza 2020.
Muri rusange, abakoresha umuhanda bakoze impanuka bari 6351 kugeza mu Ukuboza 2020; 14.591 kugeza mu Ukuboza 2021 na 17.179 kugeza mu Ukuboza 2022.
Imibare igaragaza ko mu mpanuka zose zabaye mu myaka itatu ishize, zakomerekeyemo abantu 2704 kugeza mu Ukuboza 2020, abantu 5928 kugeza mu Ukuboza 2021 na 7918 kugeza mu Ukuboza 2022.
Uretse agahinda k'imiryango ibura abayo buri mwaka, izi mpanuka ziteza igihombo igihugu n'ibigo by'ubwishingizi muri rusange ku buryo amafaranga yasabwe kubera ubwishingizi bw'ibinyabiziga yazamutse akava kuri miliyari 21,1 Frw (63%) mu Ukuboza 2021, agera kuri miliyari 24,9 Frw (67%) mu Ukuboza 2022.
Kuva izi gari ya moshi zatangira gukoreshwa mu Bushinwa zimaze gukora impanuka zibarirwa ku ntoki zirimo n'iyabaye mu 2011 biturutse ku makosa yakozwe mu ikoranabuhanga. Ibi bishimangira ko zishobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara abantu mu bihugu byugarijwe n'impanuka.
Nta wakwirengagiza kandi amafaranga igihugu gisohora buri mwaka kigura ibikomoka kuri peteroli byo gukoresha mu ngendo zitandukanye. Mu gihe cyatangira gukoresha izi gari ya moshi yakoreshwa ibindi kuko zo zikoresha umuriro w'amashanyarazi.
Inzobere mu by'ingendo zigaragaza ko gari ya moshi zifite umuduvuko wo hejuru aribwo buryo bugezweho bwo gukoresha cyane ko zo zidakangwa n'uko ikirere cyaramutse ngo bitume ingendo zazo zisubikwa nk'uko bigenda ku ndege.
