Imyuga ntikiri iy'abaswa nkuko byafatwaga mbere ndetse abazi gusesengura neza ahazaza, bemeza ko ariho ubuzima n'ubukire bwihishe. Umugani w'uko 'Umwana w'umufundi abwirirwa ataburara', turi kubona agaciro kawo ubu.
Niyo mpamvu Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyize imbaraga mu guha Abaturarwanda ubumenyi n'ubushobozi bushingiye ku bikorwangiro, kuko aribyo shingiro ry'intumbero y'amajyambere yihuse kandi arambye.
Ibi bigaragarira mu cyerekezo 2050, muri gahunda ya guverinoma y'imyaka irindwi yo kwihutisha iterambere, NST1 [2017-2024] n'ibindi.
Guverinoma yihaye ingamba yo kongera umubare w'abagana amashuri y'imyuga n'Ubumenyingiro bakava kuri 31% bariho mu 2017, bakazaba bageze kuri 60% umwaka utaha wa 2024.
Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho,hari iby'ingenzi byasabwaga, birino kuvugurura politiki, amategeko, amabwiriza, inzego n'ibindi bigenga uburezi, hatibagiwe ibikorwa remezo birimo amashuri, ibikoresho n'ibindi nk'inkingi ya mwamba mu mashuri y'imyuga n'ubumenyingiro.
Imyuga yari yarabaye nka rya buye ryirengagijwe
Abemera Bibiliya hari umurongo uri muri 1 Petero 2, rivuga ko 'Ibuye ryanzwe n'abubatse ariryo rikomeza imfuruka'. Ngibyo ibyabaye ku myuga n'ubumenyingiro mu Rwanda rwo hambere, aho uwigaga imyuga yafatwaga nk'umuswa, igisigazwa cyangwa uruhira abandi.
Nko mu gihe cy'Ubukoloni, abigaga imyuga bari abakobwa bategurwaga kuzavamo abagore mu rugo. U Rwanda rumaze kuba Repubulika aboherezwaga mu myuga babaga ari urubyiruko rwacikishirije amashuri rukigishwa imyuga iciriritse, ibyo abaturage bari bazi nka Serayi (Centre d'éducation rurale et artisanale intégrée; CERAR/CERAI).
Amateka kandi atwereka ko ivangura n'akarengane ryatumye benshi boherezwaga kwiga muri CERAI atari uko batari bashoboye. Byumvikane ko uwigaga aya mashuri yabaga akuriweho amahirwe yose yo gukomeza kwiga mu bindi byiciro.
Nyuma gato y'ayo mavugururwa, mu gihugu hose hatangijwe amashuri atanu yisumbuye ya tekiniki (École Technique Officielle- ETO).
Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Ministeri y'Uburezi yakomeje kureberera gusa ayo mashuri atanu mu gihe ibigo bya CERAI byahindutse CFJ/CFP (Centres de Formation des Jeunes) byahawe Ministeri y'umurimo ndetse n'iy'Urubyiruko.
Mu 2008, nibwo bwa mbere hashyizweho politiki yihariye ya TVET ihuriza hamwe amashuri ya tekiniki yisumbuye (Technical Secondary schools- TSS) ndetse n'amashuri y'imyuga y'igihe gito (Vocational Training Centers).
Mu mwaka wa 2010, habarwaga gusa amashuri ya TVET 65 yose hamwe (TSS na VTC) yabarizwagamo abanyeshuri 51,773.
Ingamba nyinshi zo gushishikariza Abaturarwanda kwitabira aya mashuri zagiye zifatwa ndetse no mu 2017, habayeho gukomatanya VTCs na TSS bikitwa TVET [Technical and Vocational Education and Training].
Impamvu zatumye habaho ayo mavugurura zari zigamije kugira ngo imyumvire abantu bari bafite kuri VTCs ihinduke ariko ntibyatanze umusaruro.
Imibare igaragariza ko n'ubwo mu 2020, aya mashuri yari amaze kuba 365, umubare w'abayagana wikubye kabiri gusa uhereye mu 2010.
Amavugururwa aherutse yo mu 2020, yahaye imbaraga inzego zishinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa politiki ya TVET.
Politiki ya TVET ntikiri ukwayo, ubu ibarizwa muri politiki rusange y'uburezi hagamijwe guhuriza hamwe gahunda zose z'uburezi no kwirinda gutatanya imbaraga. Igenamigambi rikorerwa hamwe ndetse n'amategeko, amabwiriza n'izindi gahunda zose z'uburezi bishyirirwaho amashuri, abanyeshuri ndetse n'abarimu bigera no kuri TVET.
Nyuma y'imyaka ibiri amavugururwa akozwe, amashuri amaze kuba 493 (TSS 391 na VTC 102), kandi haracyubakwa andi, abarimu bagera ku 7,354 kandi baracyongerwa, ibikoresho bishira n'ibidashira biratangwa buri mwaka, abanyeshuri nabo bamaze gusaga ibihumbi 110.
Mu bibazo bigihari harimo kunoza ireme ry'uburezi, kongera ibikorwaremezo, ibikoresho bigezweho bijyanye n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, gushaka no guhugura abarimu ndetse no gukora ubukangurambaga biri mu byihutirwa kugira ngo tugere ku ntego Guverinoma yihaye.
Ibikorwa byo kuyubaka no kuyashyiramo ibikoresho byagiye bituma ingengo y'imari igenda yiyongera aho yavuye kuri 6,981,390,903 Frw mu 2020/21 igera kuri 22,128,781,921 Frw.
Ni amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu kubaka ibikorwaremezo by'amashuri no kuyagurira ibikoresho akeneye.
Ku rundi ruhande ariko Minisiteri y'Uburezi igaragaza ko uyu munsi hakiri imirenge 114 idafite ishuri na rimwe.
Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Ikoranabuhanga, Tekinike, Imyuga n'Ubumenyingiro, muri Minisiteri y'Uburezi, Irere Claudette aherutse kubwira Umutwe w'Abadepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ko hazakomeza kugenda hongerwa ingengo y'imari ishyirwa mu iterambere ry'uru rwego.
Ati 'Muri uyu mwaka w'ingengo y'imari turimo 2022/23, hateganijwe hafi miliyari 8Frw zikaba zirimo kubaka amashuri mu mirenge 90. Imirenge 24 isigaye iteganyijwe mu ngengo y'imari ya 2023/24.'
Irere agaragaza ko mu kubaka amashuri mashya, hongerwa ibyumba ndetse n'aho abanyeshuri bakorera amasomo ngiro [Workshops] ku mashuri asanzwe yigisha iby'ubumenyi rusange [Groupe Scolaire cyangwa 12 Year Basic Education schools].
Ku rundi ruhande ariko , hari amashuri yigenga abarizwa mu mirenge imwe n'imwe akaba ariyo yonyine ahari bityo amafaranga y'ishuri asaba akaba aremereye ababyeyi.
Guverinoma y'u Rwanda igaragaza ayo nayo hari ibiganiro byatangiye ku buryo bw'umwihariko kugira ngo Leta ibe yayunganira, haba mu buryo bwo koherezayo abanyeshuri ba Leta, cyangwa se kubafasha kujya mu cyiciro cy'amashuri yigenga ariko afashwa na Leta kubw'amasezerano.
Ni ikibazo kigaragara mu mashuri agera kuri 74 mu gihugu hose ariko, ngo agera kuri 27 muri yo yamaze kugirana amasezerano na Leta ku buryo ubu yoherezwamo abanyeshuri ba Leta.
