Ijambo Jenoside (Genocide)ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere n'umwanditsi Raphael Lemkin mu gitabo cye yise "Axis Rule in Occupied Europe".
Ijambo Genocide kandi riva ku magambo abiri y'Ikigiriki n'Ikilatini ariyo 'Genos'bivuga Ubwoko cyangwa abantu n'iryikitatini 'Cide' bivuga ubwicanyi.
Aya magambo uyahuje bitanga ijambo Jenoside(Genocide) aho bivugwa kwica abantu runaka ugamije kubasibanganya burundu ku isi.
Umuryango w'Abibumbye ( UN) usobanura ko Jenoside ari "Ubwicanyi bugamije gutsemba burundu igice cya: Abanyagihugu, abantu b'ubwoko bumwe, Abantu b'uruhu rumwe,agace kamwe ndetse n'abagize idini rimwe."
Jenoside zemejwe n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye zirimo iyakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda 1994, Iyakorewe Abayahudi 1941-1945, Iy'Aba Nama n'Aba Herero muri Namibia 1904-1908,iyakorewe abanya-Cambodia mu mwaka 1975 ndetse n'iy'Abanya- Armenia 1915-1923.
JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU RWANDA
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1994 ni Jenoside ifite itandukaniro z'izindi zabaye mu mateka ,yakozwe n'Abanyarwanda bayikorera abandi Banyarwanda bavuga ururimi rumwe,basangiye umuco n'ibindi nko gushyingirana kugabirana inka n'ibindi.
Nkuko byagenze no ku zindi Jenoside, n'iyakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda nayo yateguwe mu gihe kinini,hatangwa inyigisho zitandukanya Abanyarwanda,Kwambura ubumuntu bamwe mu Banyarwanda byose bigakorwa n'ubutegetsi.
Ikindi gituma iba umwihariko ni uko yakozwe mu gihe gito cyane [mu minsi 100 gusa] itwara ubuzima bw'abarenga miliyoni.
Bivuze ko nibura buri munsi, abatutsi ibihumbi icumi bicwaga hirya no hino mu gihugu, abaturage wabarira umurenge wose kuri ubu.
Undi mwihariko wa Jenoside yo mu Rwanda nuko abantu bishe abo bafitanye isano aho umubyeyi yishe umwana we, umwana yica umubyeyi amuziza uko yavutse.
Undi mwihariko nuko hakoreshejwe intwaro gakondo zitica vuba kugira ngo ugiye kwicwa abanze gupfa ababaye.
Guhera tariki ya 6 Mata kugeza tariki 4 Nyakanga mu mwaka 1994, Abatutsi barenga miliyoni imwe barishwe.
Inyandiko y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye yemeza ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka 1994 ifite aho ihurira cyane na Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi.
Zihuzwa n'umugambi abakoze izi Jenoside bari bafite wo kumaraho burundu ubwoko bwicwaga.
Mu gihe kandi Jenoside zabaye ahandi zagiye zihagarikwa n'abandi bantu, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yo yahagaritswe n'Abanyarwanda ubwabo ( Ingabo za RPA INKOTANYI).
JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABANYA ARMENIA
Jenoside yakorewe Abanya-Armenia yakozwe mu mwaka wa 1915-1923, ikorwa n'ubutegetsi bwari ubw'Ubwami bwa Ottoman (Ottoman Empire/Turkish Empire).
Ubu Bwami bwa Ottoman bukaba bwari ubw'Ubwami bwa Islam bwabayeho kuva mu kinyejana cya 15-20.
Ubu Bwami bukaba bwari buherereye mu gihugu cya Turukiya (Turkey) kuri ubu, ndetse bukaba bwarafataga no ku yindi migabane nka: Aziya, Afurika n'Uburayi Caucasus.
Ku bw'ibyo, bamwe mu baturage bari mu nsi y'Ubwami bwa Ottoman bari Abakristu bo muri Armenia, igihugu giherereye mu gice cy'Uburayi na Aziya igice bita.
Byose byatangiye ubwo ingabo za Ottoman zari zimaze gukubitwa inshuro n'ingabo z'Abarusiya mu gihe cy'intambara ya mbere y'isi yabaye 1914-1918, cyane cyane mu rugamba rwiswe urwa Sarikamish.
Ubwo ubu Bwami bwatsindwaga, byose babyegetse ku baturage bakomokaga muri Armenia, babashinja kuba intasi z'Abarusiya.
Icyo gihe Minisitiri w'Intambara muri Ottoman, Enver Pasha, yatangaje ko batsinzwe kubera ubugambanyi bw' Abanya-Armenia kubera ko harimo benshi barwanye ku ruhande rw'u Burusiya.
Ku bw'ibyo,ubutegetsi bwa Ottoman bwatangiye kwikiza Abanya-Armenia bari abakristu ndetse ari na bake muri ubu Bwami.
Itariki ya 24 Mata 1915, ubwo Abacuruzi baturukaga muri Armenia basaga 650 bajyaga mu mujyi wa Constantinople muri Turukiya kuri ubu, bose icyo gihe barishwe. Iyi tariki ikaba ari nayo Abanya-Armenia bibuka Jenoside yabakorewe.
Iyi Jenoside yamaze imyaka umunani, yahitanye Abanya-Armenia bari hagati ya 600,000- na miliyoni 1.5 kuva mu mwaka 1915-1923.
JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABAYAHUDI
Kuva mbere y'ivuka rya Yesu/Yezu Christ, Abayahudi bafatwaga nk'abantu b'abahanga ku isi kubera ubumenyi babaga bafite wasangaga ahantu hake ku isi.
Ibyo hari nko kuba bari baravumbuye inyandiko yabo, aho usanga banditse ibitabo bikomeye ku isi nk'igitabo cyamamaye ku isi yose ; Bibiliya yera(ntagatifu) n'ibindi.
Ibi ndetse no kuba haravukiye umugabo Yezu Christ, abantu benshi bafata nk'umwana w'Imana cyangwa umukiza w'isi ngo byatumaga aho bageze hose bafatwa nk'abanyabwenge cyangwa abantu bakomeye.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 321 mbere y'ivuka rya Christ n'indi myaka yayikurikiye, Abayahudi bakunze kugenda bimuka bagana cyane cyane mu bice byo mu Burayi n'ahandi ku isi nko muri Amerika cyangwa muri Afurika ya ruguru.
Aho Abayahudi bageraga wasangaga badahindura ngo bafate umuco w'aho bagiye ahubwo bakagumana umuco wabo.
Aho Abayahudi bageraga kandi umuco wabo n'ibikorwa byabo byarakundwaga, ibyo hari nko gushinga amashuri yabo wanasangaga abandi batigeze bakora. N'ubwo bakundwaga na rubanda rwo hasi ibi byatumaga abayobozi b'ibikomerezwa babanga bakagera naho babatoteza.
Ibi biri mu byatumye Abanazi bo mu Budage barema urwango rw'Abayahudi bo mu Budage bakavuga ko atari abantu nk'abandi ahubwo ko ari ubwoko bubi bukwiye gupfa.
Mu ntero yabo yagiraga iti : 'Ikibazo cy'Abayahudi mu Burayi no ku isi kigomba gukemuka ku buryo kitazongera kuvugwa na rimwe'.
Hagati y'umwaka w'1939-1945, mu gihe cy'intambara y'isi yose, Adolf Hitler, umukuru w'Ubudage muri icyo gihe, akaba ari nawe washinze ishyaka ry'Abanazi, yatoje Abanazi ndetse anabaha ingufu zidasanzwe ngo bazice Umuyahudi aho ava akagera mu Burayi.
Abayahudi bari banzwe cyane mu bihugu bitandukanye byo mu Burayi nko mu Burusiya, Polonye, mu Budage n'ahandi bagiye bashyirwa mu nkambi guhera mu mwaka wa 1938.
Uko Aba Nazi bagendaga bigarurira uduce dutandukanye tw'u Burayi mu ntambara ya kabiri y'isi yose, aho bageraga hose bafataga Abayahudi bakabarundanyiriza mu nkambi, ariko umugambi wabo wari utaramenyekana.
Aha bakoreshwaga imirimo y'agahato, bakicishwa inzara, bagafungiranwa mu byumba bya gaze cyangwa bagatwarwa mu makamyo ya gaze kugeza bapfuye.
Aba NAZI bakomeje kujya bubaka inkambi zo kwiciramo Abayahudi mu duce twa Auschwitz-Birkanau, Treblinka, Belzec, Chelmno na Sobibor.
Abayahudi barenga miliyoni 2 barishwe hakoreshwe imyuka y'uburozi, cyangwa bakabashyira aho babakoreraho igeregeza mu mashini.
Kubera ko izo nkambi Abayahudi babagamo zari zimeze nabi cyane, ibi byatumye abenshi bapfa. Amakuru ava mu muryango w'Abibumbye agaragaza ko umubare w'Abayahudi wishwe muri Jenoside utazwi neza,gusa abishwe barenga miliyoni 6 ku mugabane w'u Burayi.
Aba bishwe bakaba bari bibiri bya gatatu 2/3 by'Abayahudi bari batuye Uburayi bwose na 40% by'Abayahudi b'isi yose. Muri iyi jenoside haguye abana b'ibitambambuga b'Abayahudi bagera kuri miliyoni imwe n'igice.
Nyuma y'umwaka w'1945 ubwo iyi jenoside yahagararaga ibibazo byabaye byinshi mu Bayahudi birimo ubumuga,ihungabana n'ibindi.
Mu mwaka wa 1949, I Geneve mu Busuwisi habaye amasezerano aho Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wemeje ko ibyakorewe Abayahudi ari Jenoside.
JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABANYA-CAMBODIA
Tariki ya 14, Werurwe mu mwaka 1975, nibwo Umunyagitugu Khmer Rouge yatorewe kuyobora Cambodia, Yahise atangaza ko abantu baba muri Cambodia bafite ubushobozi budahagije batagomba kwihanganirwa.
Khmer Rouge akijyaho yahise avanaho icyitwa uburezi, amadini, amavuriro n'ibijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga arabihagarika. Khmer Rouge yategetse ko abatuye mu mijyi ya Cambodia bahimuka ku ngufu ndetse bagakora akazi kose badahembwa.
Abaturage bageze mu za bukuru bananiwe gukora batarya, baricwa.Uyu kandi yanaciye iteka ryo kwica umuntu uwo ari we wese yakekaga ko atavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bwe.
Khmer Rouge yakomeje kujya yibasira abaganga, abarimu n'abandi bari barize, ubwo batangiye kujya batotezwa bakanicwa, ibi byose byakorerwaga muri gereza yitwa Tuol Sleng.
Mu myaka 4 gusa Khmer Rouge yamaze ku butegetsi,Abanyakambodge bagera kuri miliyoni 2 bicishijwe inzara, gushyirwa ku ngoyi,gukoreshwa uburetwa, n'ibindi.
JENOSIDE YAKOREWE MURI BOSINIYA
Iyi Jenoside yatangiye mu mwaka wa 1991, muri uwo mwaka Yugoslavia yatangiye kujya icikamo ibice bitewe n'amoko bikozwe n'abayobozi bamwe nka Slobodan Milosevic.
Muri icyo gihe, Slovania yatangiye gusaba ubwigenge ariko bikamena amaraso, icyo gihe na Croatia yavuze ko ishaka ubwigenge, ibi rero byatumye havuka intambara hagati y'amoko muri Yugoslavia.
Guhera ubwo, ingabo za Yugoslavia zinjiye mu gace ka Croatia, abaturage batari bake barishwe, cyane mu gace ka Vukovar na Dubrovnik, aha habaye ukwica abantu bigizwemo uruhare n'abasirikare b'abanya Seribiya.
Mu mwaka wa 1992, izindi ntara zatangije imivurungano yo gushaka Ubwigenge, zimwe murizo zari Bosnia na Herzegovina ( Izi zaje kubyara igihugu cya Bosnia Herzegovina) ibi yatumye haba imirwano ikomeye hagati y'abaturage n'ingabo ziturutse muri Serbia.
Muri izi ntambara, abarwanaga bishe abasivili batagira ingano. Abasirikare n'abandi barwanaga bakoze ibyaha birimo gufata abagore ku ngufu, gutegeka abantu kuva mu byabo no kwica.
Mu gace ka Srebrenica, ingabo za Bosnia zari ziyobowe na General Radko Mladic zishe abasivile, barimo abagabo n'abahungu barenga ibihumbi 75.
Kubera iyo ntambara, umuryango mpuzamahanga washyizeho urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho Yugoslavia mu mwaka wa 1993.
Uru rukiko rwashyiriweho guhana abagize uruhare mu gutera inkunga abishe abasivile barenga ibihumbi 90.
JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABA NAMA N'ABA HERERO MURI NAMIBIA
Hagati y'imyaka ya 1904 na 1908, ingabo z'abakoloni b'Abadage zitwa "Schutztruppe" zatsembye abarenga 80% by'abo mu moko ya Nama na Herero bo muri Namibia.
Muri Mutarama 1904,Aba Nama naba Herero bigometse ku butegetsi bw'Abadage bari babakolonije bica Abadage 100 bari babayoboye ariko ntibakora ku bagore n'abana.
Muri Kanama uwo mwaka,General Lothar von Trotha yatsinze Aba Herero ahita afata abaturage abafungira mu butayi bwa Omaheke aho benshi bishwe n'inzara n'umwuma.
Mu Ukwakira,abaturage b'aba Nama nabo bigometse ku Badage nabo bajyanwa muri ubwo butayu bicwa n'inzara n'umwuma.
Nta mubare uhari wemeranywaho w'abantu bapfuye icyo gihe, ariko amagereranya amwe avuga ko bagera ku 100.000.
Andi avuga ko abantu hagati ya 24,000 na 100,000 by'aba Herero na 10,000 by'aba Nama bapfiriye muri Jenoside bakorewe n'abadage.Iyi niyo Jenoside yibimburiye izi zose zabaye mu kinyejana cya 20.
Mu itangazo ry'uwari Minisitiri w'ububanyi n'amahanga w'Ubudage Heiko Maas ryo muri Werurwe 2021,yemeje ko Abakoloni b'Abadage bishe bariya baturage ndetse ko ubwo bwicanyi ari Jenoside.
Yagize ati:"Ubu tuzajya tuvuga ibi byabaye uko biri guhera uyu munsi: [ni] jenoside".
Namibia yakolonijwe n'Ubudage kuva mu 1884 kugeza mu 1915.
