Inkuru yabuze kibara! Imyigaragambyo i Hollyw... - #rwanda #RwOT

Impamvu ni uko baba bahabwa idolali rimwe mu kugira uruhare muri filimi. Rero biragoye ko umukinnyi uhembwa $27 asaga amanyarwanda 31,000 yabasha kwishyura ubukode no gutunga umuryango.

Inkuru yabuze kibara! Imyigaragambyo i Hollywood yatewe no guhembwa intica ntikize, hari abakinnyi bahembwa idolali rimwe kuri filime

Abasaga 65,000 bari mu ruganda rwa sinema muri Amerika ruzwi nka Hollywood bamaze amezi abiri binubira umushahara bahembwa utajyanye n'ibiciro biri ku isoko. Hari hashize imyaka 60 ababa muri sinema y'Amerika badateza sahinda. guhera ku itariki 12 Nyakanga 2023 nibwo abakinnyi n'abandi bose bafite aho bahuriye na filimi bafashe ibyapa birara mu mihanda.

 Bahagaritse uruganda rwose amaraso kuko filimi zari gusohoka ntizamamajwe, izagombaga gukinwa zaradindiye. Bifuza impinduka mu iterambere rya sinema ndetse ubuzima bwabo bugahabwa agaciro kuko ibyo bakora byinjiriza abakire akayabo ababigizemo uruhare bagasigara biyicira isazi mu maso. 

Ni nko kuragira inka amata yayo utazi icyanga cyayo. Abakinnyi ba sinema babwiye ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye birimo Usa today, The guardian, Washingiton Post, Bbc, Cnn n'ibindi ko amdolali bahembwa atajyanye n'aho isi igeze. 

Ihuriro ry'ababa muri sinema y'Amerika ryitwa Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Televisio and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA), rivuga ko ibigo birimo Apple, Amazon, Netflix, NBC Universal, Sony na Paramount (niyo ifite CBS itambutsa amakuru) ibi bigo ntibikozwa ibijyanye no kongera umushahara w'aba bakinnyi. 

Perezida wa SAG-AFTRA witwa Fran Drescher yabwiye CBS mu kiganiro kitwa'CBS Mornings' ko bamwe mu bakinnyi bari kwikirigita bagaseka kuko batujuje ibisabwa ngo bazamurirwe imishahara. Ikiyongeraho kandi ntabwo bagejeje ibisabwa ngo bahabwe ubwishingizi 'Health insurance' bungana na $26,000 ku mwaka. 

Aya asaga 29,900,000 mu manyarwanda ku mwaka. Uyu muyobozi avuga ko aba bakinnyi bifuza kuzamurirwa imishahara nyamara ari abanyabiraka benshi muri bo. Bivuze ko batakabaye basaba ibya mirenge kuko nta masezerano y'akazi bafite ahubwo bakora ari uko bakenewe 'part time job'.

Impagarara ziri guterwa n'aba bikinnyi zishingiye ku gusaba ko inzu zitunganya filimi zakongera imishara ndetse bagashyiraho amabwiriza akakaye mu gihe cyo gukoresha ubwenge bukorano 'Artificial intelligence' mu gihe bari gukora filime.

Imishahara bifuza

Abakinnyi ba filimi'actors' bashaka ko ku yo basanzwe bahembwa hiyongerago 11% muri uyu mwaka noneho mu myaka ibiri iri imbere imishahara yabo ikiyongeraho 8%. Ubwo ni ikigereranyo cya 19% agomba kwiyongeraho mu myaka ibiri n'igice ku yo basanzwe bahembwa. 

Ntabwo rero bavuga rumwe na ziriya studio 'inzu zitunganya filimi' kuko zo zifuza kubongerera 5% muri uyu mwaka na 7.5 mu myaka ibiri iri imbere ku mishahara yabo bahembwa. Ni 12.5% izi nzu zishaka kongerera abakinnyi mu gihe bo bifuza 19%. Ikinyuranyo cya 6.5% kizakomeza gikurure ubushyamirane butizwa umurindi n'imyigaragambyo ugeretseho guhagarika akazi.

Ubuyobozi bw'izi studio bwibumbiye mu kitwa The Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producer,AMPTPT, buvuga ko iyi myigaragambyo yatangiye ku itariki 12 Nyakanga 2023.

Abigaragambya bifuza kongererwa imishahara ingana na miliyali imwe y'amadolali y'amerika agomba kwiyongera ku yo bahemba abanyabiraka, kubaha ubwishingizi, kubateganyiriza iza bukuru ndetse n'ibindi nkenerwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

Ibikubiye mu bisabwa n'abakinnyi ba filimi, abazandika n'abazitunganya

AMPTP ivuga ko iri huriro ry'abafite aho bahuriye no gukina filime risaba kongererwa imishahara n'uduhimbaza musyi birenze urugero ndetse bihenze cyane ku buryo hari hashize imyaka 35 abayobozi ba ziriya sosiyete zinyunyuza abakina filimi batabona ibyo byifuzo byo kongeza imishahara. 

Abakinnyi bakiri bato bataraba ibyamamare nabo bisize insenda aho basaba ko ibivuye muri sinema zicishwa kuri za televiziyo n'ahandi zicururizwa ibivuyemo bagahabwa ku nyungu nkuko bikorwa ku mazina Manini. Ubundi mbere hataraza ikoranabuhanga ryo gucuruza filimi wasangaga abakinnyi babona ku musaruro wa filimi bitewe nuko zacurujwe.

Ubu rero zahinduye imirishyo kuko ziri gucururizwa ku mbuga ziri kuri murandasi ku buryo abakinnyi batamenya ibyo za filimi zinjije. Uyobora ihuriro ry'abakinnyi ryitwa SAG-AFTRA witwa Duncan Crabtree-Ireland avuga ko biriya bigo binyunyuza abakinnyi kuko bigurisha filimi bikarangira abakinnyi batabasha kwikora ku munwa.

Urugero Brandee Evans wakinnye mu bice birenga 17 'series' bya filimi yitwa P-Vallery yarifashe akora amashusho ayanyuza kuri TikTok yerekana ubusabusa ahembwa kuri biriya bice 17 yagaragayemo. Mu mvugo yo muri filimi byitwa Residuals (amasezerano). 

Muri ariya mashusho yerekanye ko afite sheke (residuals checks) zingana $8.67 akaba ari hafi 10,000 Frws. Umukinnyi witwa Mark Proksch vuba aha aherutse kubwira The Wrap ko yigeze guhembwa neza muri filimi The Office mu bice 'series' 19 byahagaze mu 2013. Yakinaga atari umukinnyi mukuru ahubwo afatwa nk'umushyitsi.

Avuga ko ayo yahawe aruka cyane igihe yakinaga ari umukinnyi mukuru. Uwitwa Mandy Moore ugaragara mu kiganiro kitwa 'This Is Us' gitambuka kuri NBC aherutse kuvuga ko ahabwa idalali rimwe igihe yagaragaye muri icyo kiganiro. SAG rya huriro ry'abakinnyi rivuga ko ibyifuzo byabo byose ihuriro ry'abayobozi badakozwa ibyo kongera iyo mishahara.

Imishahara y'abakinnyi bamwe na bamwe b'abanyabiraka irasekeje

Abakinnyi bamwe na bamwe b'abanyabiraka bakina nta masezerano. Baba bafite ibyitwa Residuals. Ni naho ruzingiye kuko bifuza ko imishahara izamuka . abandika n'abakinnyi bari gusaba ko iyo mishahara bahabwa izamuka. Hari abahembwa idolali rimwe kuri filimi. 

Kuva filimi zatangira gucururizwa kuri murandasi 'Streaming' abakinnyi bajyaga bahabwa ku yacurujwe kuri SDs, DVDs, n'ubundi buryo bwari ubwa gakondo byarahindutse.

Residual ni iki?

Ni amasezerano y'igihe kirekire ahabwa abakina filimi n'abakora ibiganiro. Aya masezerano akorwa hagati y'abakinnyi, abandika filimi n'abazitunganya ndetse n'urugagaga rw'abakinnyi. Baba bumvikanye ku bucuruzi bwose bwa filimi bagizemo uruhare. 

Iyi mikoranire yatangiye bwa mbere mu 1960 nibwo habayeho ayo masezerano y'imikiranire. Ubundi abakina n'anadika filimi bahemberwaga kuri buri filimi ariko ku mukiriya wabaga yaguze DVD, Blu-ray disc na VHS tape.

Ayo bahembwaga yagiye agabanuka buhor buhoro kuko ubucuruzi bwa filimi bwagiye bujya kuri murandasi birangira kubara ayo zinjije bibera ingorabahizi abakinnyi n'abanditsi kumenya ayasaruwe n'abakoresha babo. Umukinnyi wa filimi witwa Whitney Morgan Cox, yagaragaye muri filimi yitwa Criminal Minds, kuva yatangira kujya kuri Netflix ntiyongeye kubona ku mushahara.

Byahagarariye aho! Nubwo ibi biganiro na filimi bidakomeza kungukira abakinnyi ababahemba bo bakomeza gusarura za miliyali (frws) cyangwa se za miliyoni ($) mu bihe bitandukanye kuko filimi zikomeza gukundwa ari nako zigurwa. 

Abakinnyi kubera kwivumbura basangije ababakurikira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ubusabusa bahembwa. Nka Kimiko Glenn wakinnye muri filimi yitwa Orange Is The New Black inyura kuri Netflix yatangaje abamukurikira ubwo yasangizaga umushahara (residual paymanets) wa $27 yahawe nyamara ikiganiro yagizemo uruhare cyamaze imyaka 10 gicuruzwa akayabo.

Hari abakinnyi bagera aho bakinira bakayanywera bigahwaniramo

Hari aho bakinira filimi haba harateganyijwe utubari. Bamwe muri bariya bakinnyi bahembwa ubusabusa barayanyerwa bakabandika bigahwaniramo ntibazahembwe. Impamvu ni uko baba bahabwa idolali rimwe mu kugira uruhare muri filimi. Rero biragoye ko umukinnyi uhembwa amadolali $27 asaga amanyarwanda 31,000. Biragoye ko babashaka kwigondera ubwisungane mu kwivuza buri mwaka.

Gucuruza filimi n'ibiganiro kuri Netflix byakenesheje abakinnyi

Mbere y'amaza y'imbuga nkoranyamba na za website zicuruza filimi wasangaga abakinnyi batinubira ayo bahembwaga kuko ubucuruzi nta bujura bwabagamo. Abakinnyi banatangiye kwiheba ku buryo basigaye bumva kugira uruhare muri filime igaca ibintu nta musaruro bibagezaho usibye kwamamara ariko mu mufuka hera. 

Chris Browning, umukinnyi wa filime yitwa Bright hamwe na Will Smith filimi bakinnyemo yanyuze kuri Netflix inaba filimi yarebwe cyane. Browning yasobanuye ko ntacyo byamumariye kuko yahembwe $271 (311,650 frws) nyamara iyo biza kuba mu bihe bya DVDs yari kuba yarahembwe $25,000 (2,8750,000 frws). 

Birumvikana rero ko ikoranabuhanga ryatumbagije abakire bikarangira abakinnyi bari kwiciraguraho. David Denman yagaragaye mu bice 'episode' 31 za filimi yitwa'The Office' yaciye kuri NBC. Nyamara avuga ko wareba filimi inshuro imwe cyangwa inshuro 100 ntacyo bimarira abakinnyi ahubwo byinjiriza abaherwe baba baraguze izo filimi. 

Akomeza avuga ko nubwo filimi yaba iya mbere kuri Netflix nta cyo rwose bimarira abakinnyi. Agahera hano asaba abo bireba gusaranganya nabo bakarya ku mugati aho kurwanira udusigazwa tw'utuvungukira twaguye mu nsi y'ameza.

Ese amaherezo azaba ayahe?

Yego nibyo bari kwigaragambya. Ariko se bizarangira gute? Amasezerano hagati y'abandika filimi n'ihuriro ry'abacuruza filimi yarangiye ku itariki 02 Gicurasi 2023. Bagerageje kuganira ariko biba iby'ubusa. Nibwo ku itariki 12 Nyakanga 2023 baganaga imihanda bakigaragambya. 

Ihuriro ry'abandika n'abakina filimi ryifuza ko ihuriro ry'ibigo bicuruza filimi ryakwemera ko abakinyi, abandika filimi n'abazitunganya basaranganya ku biva muri filimi ziba zacururijwe kuri murandasi. Nyamara bahawe igisubizo cya'Oya'.

Alliance of Motion Picture and Telesion Producer rihagarariye abakoresha'abacuruza filimi' ryavuze ko ridateze kwemera ibyo SAG-AFTRA (ihuriro ry'abandika, abakina filimi) bifuza kandi ngo bari kwanga kwemera ibiganiro. SAG-AFTRA isaba AMPTP ko bazamura umushahara kandi bakemera ko ibiva mu biganiro bitambutswa kuri za Televiziyo na Netflix basaranganya inyungu. 

Ndetse na filimi zinyuzwa ku mbuga zitishyuzwa nka Amazon Freevee nazo abakinnyi bifuza kuzihemberwa. Nubwo hari amananiza ariko SAG-AFTRA yizeje abakinnyi ba filimi ko ibiganiro bizakomeza kugenda neza nubwo hari amananiza ku mpande zombi.

Ubwenge bw'ubukorano bwateje sahinda mu bakinnyi

Ubwenge bw'ubukorano 'Artificial intelligence' ihangayikishije abakinnyi ba filimi ku buryo bakekako igihe kimwe bazabyuka bagasanga akazi kagiye nka nyomberi. Impamvu ngo hari gutozwa amarobo azajya akina akitwara nk'abantu. 

Birumvikana ko aka ari akazi kazaba kabuze bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga. SAG-AFTRA yerekana ko iki ari icyorezo giteye ubwoba ku bakinnyi ba filimi. Abakinnyi batewe ubwoba no kuzasimburwa n'abakinnyi b'ababakorano. Ku buryo abasanzwe bagenda kaguru kamwe urugendo rwabo ruzaba rugufi kuko ibyo bakoraga bizakorwa n'amarobo.

Guhembwa bigendera ku mazina

Iyi myigaragambyo ntabwo uzayisangamo abafite amazina Manini muri Hollywood. Ni ukuvuga ko abari kwigaragambya ari abafite amazina akiri mato. Umukinnyi wa filimi wamamaye aba ahembwa za miliyali (Frws) kuri filimi imwe nyamara uwo bakinanye utazwi yahawe ubusabusa nkuko nabyerekanye mu bika bibanza. Umunyamuryango wa SAG-AFTRA ashobora kwinjiza $26,000 (29,900,000frws).

Nibura aya ahembwa abasaga %87. Aya rero ni make ku buryo atabasha kubishyurira ubwishingizi ku buzima bwabo ku mwaka. Imibare ya Bureau of Labor yerekana ko umwaka ushizwe umukinnyi yahembwe $18 ku isaha. Muri California umukinnyi ashobora guhembwa $27.73 ku isaha iyo ari gukina filimi. I New York umukinnyi ahembwa nibura $63.39 ku isaha. 

Aha rero iyi mibare yerekana ko abakinnyi bakora indi mirimo ibafasha gusunika iminsi kuko ayo bahembwa atabarenza umutaru. BLS yerekana ko hari abakinnyi b'amazina manini bahembwa $109 ku isaha iyo bari gukina filimi. Ni 10% ku bakinnyi bose ba filimi muri Amerika. SAG-AFTRA yashinzwe mu 1930. 

Yaje kwihuza (SAG-AFTRA) mu 2012 kugira ngo babashe kuba ijwi ry'abakinnyi ba filimi ndetse no kubasha gusakaza filimi ku isi hose. Abagize iri huriro abenshi bakora utuzi twinshi kugirango babeho. Ni bake cyane batunzwe na sinema bitewe n'iriya ntica ntikize bahembwa. 

Samantha Bee wagaragaye muri 'A Black Lady Sketch Show' yagize ati:'Turi ba bakinnyi uzabona muri filimi, mu ndirimbo, mu bitaramo tubyinira abahanzi. Yego dukina neza. Uzabona twakinnye muri filimi uyikunde ariko ntabwo amazina yacu uzayamenya kuko tuba hose kubera ubuzima. Turi abantu baciriritse'.

Inyandiko ya ririye huriro ry'abakina n'abandika filimi ryagiye hanze ryerekana ko 92% ku banyamuryango baryo bashobora kwinjiza $80,000 ku mwaka. Noneho 86% ntabwo bafite ubwisungane mu kwivuza kubera ko binjiza ari mu nsi ya $26,000 ku mwaka kandi hakenewe $26,000 ku mwaka kugira ngo uhabwe ubwishingizi mu kwivuza buri mwaka. 

Burya nubwo abareba filimi bakeka ko abazikina bahiriwe n'urugendo ntabwo ari byo ukurikije ibyo nanditse byose birimo imibare n'ibimenyetso ndetse n'ayo bahabwa. 

Umukinnyi wa filime utabasha kwiyishyurira ubwishingizi ntabwo yabashaka gutunga umuryango. Bimusaba gukora indi mirimo nyamara abamubona muri filimi baba baziko yagezeyo kafashwe. Ntabwo abakina filimi muri Amerika bose ari abakire. 

Barimo abakene nyakujya. Leslie Jones ufite izina mu gukina filimi muri Amerika yifashe amashusho ayasangiza abamukurikira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ze ashimangira ko hari abakinnyi muri Amerika batabasha kwishyura inzu bacumbikamo.

Muri Hollywood hari abakinnyi batabasha gutunga imiryango yabo kubera guhembwa ubusa (ifoto ya Yannick ukorera USA Today)

Imyigaragambyo yakamejeje banze no gusubira mu kazi

Source : https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/132250/inkuru-yabuze-kibara-imyigaragambyo-i-hollywood-yatewe-nabakinnyi-bahembwa-idolali-rimwe-k-132250.html