Ukuri kutavugwa ku businzi bw'abanyarwanda:... - #rwanda #RwOT

Ubusinzi ubu niyo mvugo iri kwiganza mu biganiro by'abanyarwanda. Ntabwo bireba ababa mu manegeka kuko n'abarara mu midugudu y'icyetegererezo bararisoma rikabataha.

Professor Nazarius Mbona Tumwesigye yigisha ubuzima rusange muri Kaminuza ya Makerere mu nkuru yanditswe na New Vision yagaragaje ko ibihugu byo muri aka karere k'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba abaturage banywa ibisindisha cyane kubera ko babona Isi iri kubasiga bityo bakisanga bari guhungira ubwayi mu kigunda. Ati 'Iyo ubukungu bwihuta ku muvuduko buri wese adashyikira, hari abahitamo kuyoboka ibisindisha bizeye ko bahabonera ubuhungiro. Rero birangira babaye imbata y'ibisindisha kuko bamwe gusinzira ntibiba bigishoboka'. 

Inyandiko nyinshi zigaruka ku buzima bw'abaturage baba mu bihugu bikoresha ibisindisha cyane zerekana zimwe mu mpamvu simusiga zerekana gitera ariko ntabwo zihishura ibisubizo byafatwa mu gukemura aya makuba. Impamvu benshi mu bahanga kuri iyi ngingo bavuga ubukene. Hano wakwibaza ngo umuntu ukennye inzoga azigura iki? Iki kibazo kiroroshye kugisubiza kuko abasinda benshi ntabwo ari abigurira ni abavumbyi ariko n'abafite amafaranga bisanga barabaye imbata y'ibisindisha kuko gusinda ntibireba abakene gusa ahubwo n'abo mu miryango ikize bigiramo abasinzi kuko inda ibyara mweru na muhima.

Indi mpamvu itungwa agatoki ni ukubura uburere ku bakiri bato. Iyi ngingo iragonga abanyarwanda bishoye mu businzi bavuka mu miryango ikize. Ya miryango usanga barajwe ishinga no kugwiza amafaranga bakirengagiza ko ayo mafaranga badafite abana bazima bazayaraga ahubwo bakisanga basazanye agahinda ko kubura abazungura n'abaragwa b'ubutunzi baruhiye. Impamvu yindi ni ijyanye no kuba nta mategeko ahamye yo kugenzura ibisindisha. Icyakora hano mu Rwanda iyi ngingo ntawavuga ko iteje inkeke kuko inganda zikora ibisembuye zihabwa ibyangombwa zabanje gukorerwa inyingo no kugenzurwa.

 

Raporo y'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima'WHO/OMS' ku itariki 27 Gicurasi 2023 ryasohoye  raporo ishyira Uganda ku mwanya wa mbere mu bihugu byo muri Afurika bifite abaturage bazahajwe na manyinya. Iyi nyigo yerekana ko umuturage wo muri Uganda abarirwa litiro 12.21 ku mwaka. Abagabo nibo basoma manyinya nyinshi ku kigero cya litiro 19.93 ku mwaka naho umugandekazi akaba anyway litiro 4.88 ku mwaka. Ibirwa bya Seychelles biza ku mwanya wa Kabiri aho umugabo anywa litiro 11.99 ku mwaka umugore akaba anywa litiro 4.72 ku mwaka.

 Tanzania iri ku mwanya wa Gatatu muri Afurika aho umuturage anywa litiro 10.36 ku mwaka. Iyi ni impuzandengo kuko hari abaturage banywa ibisindisha birengeje iriya ngano ivugwa mu bushakashatsi.

 

U Rwanda ruri mu bihugu byo mu karere bifite abaturage banywa umusemburo muke aho umuturage abarirwa litiro 1.88 ku mwaka. Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo umuturage abarirwa litiro 2.12 ku mwaka. Ni mu gihe Kenya umuturage abarirwa litiro 2.87 ku mwaka.

Afurika iza ku mwanya ku wa Kane ku ruhando mpuzamahanga inyuma y'u Burayi, Amerika na Western Pacific. U Burayi bufite impuzandengo ya litiro 5.5 ku mwaka, Amerika iri ku kigero cya litiro 7.5 ku mwaka. West Pacific iri ku kigero cya litiro 6.1 ku mwaka, Afurika ni litiro 4.5 ku mwaka. Aziya umuturage abarirwa litiro 3.8 ku mwaka. Uburasirazuba bwa Mediterranian umuturage waho ari ku kigero cya litiro 0.3 ku mwaka.

 

Ishusho y'ubusinzi mu Rwanda

 

 

 

Ubushakashatsi bw'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima, RBC, ku bijyanye no gukusanya amakuru ku ndwara zitandura n'imyifatire y'abaturage mu kwirinda ibizitera, bwagaragaje ko 48,1% by'Abanyarwanda bose banywa inzoga aho 61,9% byabo ari abagabo.

Intara y'Amajyaruguru ni yo iyoboye mu kugira abaturage benshi bagotomera ka manyinya kuko bangana na 56,6%, Amajyepfo afite 51,6%, Uburengerazuba bufite 46,5% mu gihe Uburasirazuba ari 43,9% naho Umujyi wa Kigali ni 42%.

Mu bakoreweho ubushakashatsi b'ibitsina byombi, 3,4% banyoye inzoga mu minsi 30 ishize, aho abagabo bihariye umubare munini, ungana na 4,5% mu gihe abagore bo bangana na 2,2% ku bijyanye n'ubwitabire ku kunywa inzoga.

Ku rundi ruhande ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko 22,8% by'Abanyarwanda binangiye kunywa inzoga mu buzima bwabo bwose, aho umubare w'abagore banze kuzinywa ukubye hafi uw'abagabo inshuro ebyiri, ndetse ngo umuntu umwe muri batanu ntiyigeze anywa inzoga mu mezi 12 ashize.

Ku rundi ruhande ariko abanywa inzoga zikabije, ni ukuvuga izifite alcool iri hejuru cyane baragabanutse aho bavuye kuri 23,5% bagera kuri 15,2% mu 2022, aho abagabo bavuye kuri 30,6% bakagera kuri 20,7%, abagore bava kuri 17,2% bagera ku 9,8%.

Intara y'Uburengerazuba niyo iyoboye mu kunywa inzoga zifite alcool iri hejuru aho ifite 19,1% igakurikirwa n'iy'Amajyaruguru ifite 15,8%, hagakurikiraho iy'Amajyepfo ifite 15,1%, Uburasirazuba bugakurikiraho na 13,8% hagaheruka Umujyi wa Kigali ufite 10,5%.

Muri rusange kunywa inzoga zifite alcool nyinshi byagabanyutseho 8% mu myaka umunani ishize.

Ubu bushakashatsi bukorwa hagamijwe kureba no gusesengura amakuru ajyanye n'indwara zitandura n'ibizitera (Rwanda National STEPs Survey 2022).

 

Urebye 48,1% by'abanywa inzoga ni umubare uteye inkeke kuko uretse gutera ibibazo by'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, umutima n'izindi ndwara zitandura, OMS igaragaza ko nibura buri mwaka ku Isi abantu Miliyoni eshatu bapfa biturutse ku mpamvu zatewe n'inzoga, bingana na 5,3% by'impfu zose zibaho ku mwaka.

OMS igaragaza ko urubyiruko ruri hagati y'imyaka 20 na 29 rwihariye 13,5 % by'impfu z'abari muri iyo myaka ziterwa no kunywa inzoga.

Impamvu zishobora gutuma urubyiruko rwishora mu businzi

Ingamba zo kugabanya ubukene zavuzwe muri porogaramu z'igihugu zirimo Icyerekezo 2020, EDPRS 1 na 2 n'izo ku rwego mpuzamhanga nk'Intego z'Ikinyagihumbi naho kuri ubu ni Icyerekezo 2050, NST1 na Agenda2063.

Uko imyaka yagiye ishira ni ko habayeho impinduka mu mibereho y'Abanyarwanda byumwihariko bigaragarira ku kuba icyizere cyo kubaho cyaravuye ku myaka 51,2 mu 2002 ikaba 64,5 mu 2021 na 69,6 mu 2022.Ubukene bwaragabanutse buva ku ijanisha rya 60,4 mu 2000 bugera kuri 38,2 mu 2017 mu gihe ubukene bukabije bwagabanutse bukava kuri 40% bukagera kuri 16% mu gihe nk'iki.

Kugabanya ubukene biracyari imwe mu nkingi z'icyerekezo cy'u Rwanda 2050 ndetse igihugu gifite intumbero yo guhindura imibereho y'abagituye harandurwa ubukene bukabije bitarenze umwaka wa 2024 (NST1). Ibarura Rusange ry'Abaturage n'Imiturire ryakozwe mu 2022 ryerekanye ko Abanyarwanda barenga miliyoni 13.

Isesengura ry'ibyavuye muri iri barura ku bijyanye n'ubukene mu Banyarwanda, ryerekana ko abaturage 887.508 bafite ubukene bukabije naho 3.139.395 bari mu bukene bworoheje. Muri rusange abakennye bose ni 4.026.903 bangana na 30,4% by'ababaruwe.Ibice by'icyaro ni byo bifite umubare munini w'abaturage bakennye (3.502.686) bangana na 37,3% ugereranyije na 13,4% mu mijyi.

Ku rwego rw'Intara, iy'Iburengerazuba n'Amajyepfo zinganya ijanisha ry'abakennye (35), mu gihe Iburasirazuba habarurwa 34,6% na ho mu Mujyi wa Kigali bakaba 9,5%.

Ibyavuye muri iri barura bitandukanye n'ibyo mu yaribanjirije kuko mu 2012 Intara z'Iburengerazuba n'Iburasirazuba ni zo zari zikennye cyane n'ijanisha rya 42% kuri buri ntara.

Ku rwego rw'Uturere, Gisagara, Nyanza, Rutsiro, Nyamagabe, Ngororero, Nyaruguru, Gatsibo, Nyagatare na Ngoma [dufite ibice binini by'icyaro] dufite abaturage bari mu bukene ku ijanisha riri hagati ya 37 na 45.

Uturere turimo Nyamasheke, Rubavu, Rusizi, Burera, Karongi, Kirehe, Nyabihu, Kayonza na Ruhango dufite ijanisha ry'abakene riri hagati ya 32 na 36. Utundi turimo Rulindo, Muhanga, Rwamagana, Musanze na Gakenke turi munsi ya 30% by'igipimo cy'ubukene.

Mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Kicukiro ifite igipimo cy'ubukene kiri hasi (6,7%) igakurikirwa na Nyarugenge (9%) na Gasabo (11,1%).Ibisubizo by'ibarura ku bijyanye n'ubukene bigera no ku rwego rw'umurenge. Abaturage bakennye cyane ni abo mu Mirenge ya Muhanda (Ngororero), Gishubi (Gisagara), Nkombo (Rusizi), Cyanzarwe (Rubavu), Busasamana (Rubavu), Nkomane (Nyamagabe), Rusebeya (Rutsiro), Jarama (Ngoma) na Butare (Rusizi).

Abakennye byo mu rugero ni abo mu Mirenge ya Niboye (Kicukiro), Rwezamenyo (Nyarugenge), Nyarugunga (Kicukiro), Kicukiro (Kicukiro), Kacyiru (Gasabo), Kimironko (Gasabo), Gikondo (Kicukiro), Kimihurura (Gasabo), Muhima (Nyarugenge) na Nyarugenge (Nyarugenge).

Imirenge ikennye cyane ni iyo mu turere tugaragaramo ubukene bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru mu Ntara y'Iburengerazuba, Iburasirazuba n'Amajyepfo mu gihe ikennye byoroheje ari iyo mu Mujyi wa Kigali.

 

Mu biranga abakene nk'uko ibarura ryabigaragaje harimo kuba batuye mu nzu zubakishije cyangwa zisakaje ibikoresho bidakomeye, bize amashuri abanza yonyine cyangwa batarigeze bagera mu ishuri.

Ni abantu bagwiriyemo abapfakaye, abatandukanye n'abo bashakanye cyangwa abo mu ngo zirangwamo amakimbirane. Muri izi ngo z'abakene Internet ntiharangwa kandi usanga benezo byabyara abana benshi.Abazigize bakora imirimo y'ubuhinzi budatanga umusaruro ufatika, bafite ubumenyi buciriritse kandi bahora bimuka bashakisha ubuzima.

Abari mu cyiciro cy'imyaka 30-44 ni bo benshi mu bakene aho Ikigo cy'Ibarurishamibare kivuga ko bishobora kuba biterwa n'uko ari bwo benshi baba batangiye gushing ingo.

Iri barura kandi ryerekana ko Miliyoni 7,9 ari bo Banyarwanda bari mu kigero cyo gukora, ni ukuvuga ko ari abafite kuva ku myaka 16 gusubiza hejuru. Muri abo abafite akazi ni 45,9%.

Ku rwego rw'Igihugu urubyiruko rungana na 40% [bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 16 na 30] ntibari mu kazi cyangwa mu ishuri.

Kuba urubyiruko rudafite akazi biri mu mpamvu nyamukuru zibakururira mu businzi

 Abemera Imana bavuga ko iyo umuntu adafite ibimuhuza, Sekibi amuha icyo gukora. No mu buzima busanzwe iyo umuntu adafite ibyo ahugiyeho nta kabuza yishora mu ngeso mbi zirimo ubusinzi. Biragoye ko umuntu umenyereye inzoga yabura umugurira icupa. Ikindi kandi abantu banywa inzoga badafite akazi baba bazi gutera urwenya cyane ku buryo kugira amahirwe y'umushotora akamugurira icupa birangira yisanze yasinze kuko n'abandi baragura.

 

Gutakaza icyizere cy'ejo hazaza biganisha ku kubaho ubuzima bwo kwiheba

 

Mu 2000  abanyarwanda bari  miliyoni 7.9, aho wakomeje  kuzamuka kugera kuri Miliyoni 12.955.736 muri uyu mwaka, nk'uko imibare y'Ikigo cy'Ibarurishamibare (NISR) ibigaragaza.

Ku mpuzandengo ya 2020, umugore wo mu Rwanda abyara abana 3.9, umubare uri hejuru cyane y'impuzandengo yo ku rwego rw'Isi, aho umugore abyara abana 2.4, uretse ko nanone u Rwanda rwateye intambwe ifatika kuko bahoze ari abana 4.1 mu 2017 na 4.5 mu 2010.

Kuri ibi hiyongeraho ko impuzandengo y'imyaka y'Abanyarwanda ari 20 gusa, bivuze ko abakiri bato bakeneye kuzabyara mu bihe biri imbere ari benshi, ku buryo kwitega ko umubare w'abana bavuka mu Rwanda uzagabanuka mu gihe cya vuba, byaba ari ukwigiza nkana.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, Abanyarwanda tuzakomeza kwiyongera, aho dushobora kugera  kuri Miliyoni 14 mu 2025, tugere kuri miliyoni 16 mu 2030 ndetse na Miliyoni 22 mu 2050.

Twakwiyongera twagira gute , igihari kandi kitazahinduka ni uko ubuso bw'ubutaka dutuyeho buzakomeza kuba 26.338 km2, byumvikanisha ko ikibazo cy'ubucucike bw'abaturage dufite uyu munsi ntaho cyenda kujya ndetse uwavuga ko turi mu mwanya mwiza wo kwiga kubana na cyo ntiyaba akabije.

Ubu bucucike si inkuru mbarirano kuko u Rwanda ruri mu bihugu bifite ubucucike bukabije ku Isi, aho kuri kilometero kare imwe, tuhatuye turi 525 (525/1km2), agahigo twihariye muri Afurika kuko nta kindi gihugu gituwe cyane gutyo, ukuyemo ibirwa.

Kugira ngo ubyumve neza, wibaze ko u Rwanda rutuwe kurusha u Bushinwa bufite abaturage miliyari 1.4, ariko bukagira kilometero kare 9.388.211, bituma ubucucike bw'abaturage buba 153/1km2.

Uretse u Bushinwa, u Rwanda rutuwe kurusha u Buhinde bwa mbere  mu kugira abaturage benshi ku Isi, bangana na miliyari 1.3. Iki gihugu gituwe n'abaturage 463/km2 kuko gifite kilometero kare 2.973.190.

Impuzandengo y'abaturage b'Isi kuri km2 ni abantu 58.7/km2, mu gihe muri Afurika ari abantu 43/km2, ibipimo u Rwanda ruheruka kera cyane mbere ya 1960, nabwo icyo gihe kilometero kare imwe yari ituyeho abantu 119 (119/km2).

Tuzabona ibidukwiriye?

Mu Isi y'inyamaswa, buri kimwe cyose kigerwaho binyuze mu ikoreshwa ry'imbaraga. Iyo intare y'ingabo imaze kugimbuka igeze ku myaka itatu, iva mu muryango yavukiyemo ikajya kwibeshaho. Kugira ngo ireme umuryango wayo bwite, bisaba ko irwana n'indi ntare isanzwe iwufite, yayitsimbura ikawugumana, yakubitwa inshuro igakomeza ikajya kurwariza ahandi.

Ku bantu siko bigenda kuko bagira amategeko agena uko babona umutungo, ariko kimwe no mu Isi y'inyamaswa, buri gihe cyose ikintu runaka kibaye iyanga kandi gikenewe na benshi, ihangana riratangira ku buryo kibona umugabo kigasiba undi nk'uko biri kugenda muri iyi minsi ku ntambara yo gushaka ubutunzi n'imibereho.

 

Nubwo ikibazo cy'ubwinshi bw'abaturage kitaza mu by'ibanze bihangayikishije u Rwanda, hari ababona ko gifite umwihariko kuko Abanyarwanda barenga 80% batuye mu cyaro, bityo bagashingira ubuzima bwabo ku buhinzi butunze abarenga 70%, na cyane ko ubutaka bw'u Rwanda budafite umutungo kamere uhagije, ndetse n'abaturage benshi bakaba badafite ubumenyi bwabatunga badashingiye ku butaka.

Ikibazo ni uko no muri ubwo buhinzi, bake cyane babukora kinyamwuga kuko badafite ubutaka buhagije bwo guhingaho, bigatuma n'ubundi budatanga umusaruro ufatika nubwo bwitwa ko bukorwa n'Abanyarwanda benshi.

 

Ku rundi ruhande, ubuto bw'ubutaka bw'u Rwanda bukenewe na benshi butuma igiciro cyabwo gitumbagira, aho Raporo yo mu 2019 yakozwe n'Urugaga rw'Abakora Umwuga w'Igenagaciro k'Imitungo Itimukanwa mu Rwanda (Institute of Real Property Valuers in Rwanda, IRPV), yagaragaje ko igiciro cy'ubutaka mu Mujyi wa Kigali mu gace ka Kimironko kuri metero kare imwe, ari ibihumbi 169 Frw.

Bivuze ko nk'umuntu wahaguze ikibanza cya metero kare 300 cyo kubakamo inzu yo guturamo nk'uko amategeko agena ibipimo by'ibibanza abiteganya, yishyuye miliyoni 50.7 Frw, amafaranga atari make mu gihugu gifite umuturage winjiza impuzandengo 819$ (ibihumbi 821 Frw) ku mwaka (2020).

 

Hari imvugo ziba mu rubyiruko zumvikanisha ko basa nk'abihebye aho usanga umusore ubonye udufaranga aho kutubika adushora mu nzoga. Ati:'Amafaranga atagura ikibanza I Kigali, atazakubakira uyashora mu kabari bigahwaniramo, cyangwa se ngo amafaranga atazakubakire inzu , uyubakisha umubiri''.

Izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera abanyarwanda kwishora mu businzi harimo kubura uburere bw'ababyeyi aho usanga abana basa n'abirera kubera imihihibikano y'Isi. Hari abanywa inzoga babigira bigezo bikarangira bibaviriyemo kubatwa ubuzima bwose.

Ukurikije  iyi mibare ndetse  ukagendera ku bigenda bivugwa  hirya no hino mu gihugu, ni umukoro kuri Leta, Minisiteri  zitandukanye  ndetse na buri munyarwanda muri rusange  kureba icyihutirwa kurusha  ibindi , hakarebwa  uburyo bwunganira  cyangwa busimbura  ubusanzwe  bukoreshwa mu gukemukira  ibibazo byugarije umuryango nyarwanda mu buryo burambye.

Ku rundi ruhande  abayobozi b'amadini barasabwa  kwegera  abakristo babo  bakimakaza ibikorwa by'isanamitima  ndetse bagashyiraho gahunda zihamye zigamije kwegera urubyiruko cyane.

Inzoga hari abazinywa bahunga ibibazo, ubukene, ubwoba bw'uzima, ikigare, kubura uburere'Uburere buruta ubuvuke"

Source : https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/134323/ukuri-kutavugwa-ku-businzi-bwabanyarwanda-bamwe-barasabwa-gushinyiriza-134323.html