Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda [BNR] John Rwangombwa yatangaje ko inyingo ya mbere igaragaza ko u Rwanda rukeneye gukoresha ifaranga ry'igihugu ry'ikoranabuhanga, CBDC [Central Bank Digital Currency], kandi imyiteguro yo gutangira gukoresha iri faranga igeze kure.
Guverineri Rwangombwa yasubizaga abagize Inteko Rusange y'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, imitwe yombi ku wa 27 Ugushyingo 2023, bari bamubajije aho umushinga wo gushyiraho ifaranga koranabuhanga ry'u Rwanda ugeze.
Depite Nizeyimana Pie yagize ati 'Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda yatangije inayobora inyigo y'uko ifaranga ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'u Rwanda ryakoreshwa, nifuzaga kumenya aho iyo nyigo igeze niba yaratangiye.'
Depite Dr Habineza Frank we yagize ati 'Hari igihe twaganiriye ku bijyanye n'umushinga w'ifaranga ry'u Rwanda ry'ikoranabuhanga, nagira ngo numve aho byaba bigeze.'
Depite Dr Habineza yabajije kandi ikijyanye n'amafaranga y'ikoranabuhanga azwi nka Cryptocurrency, icyo u Rwanda rutekereza ku kuba rwayaha ikaze.
Guverineri Rwangombwa yavuze ko inyingo ya mbere igaragaza ko ari ngombwa ko hashyirwaho ifaranga koranabuhanga rya CBDC [Central Bank Digital Currency] yarangiye.
Ati 'Iyo nyigo yagaragaza ko bifite ishingiro, bishobora gukorwa, kandi icyo twabonye birakenewe. Birasaba ko twabyiga neza.'
Guverineri Rwangombwa yavuze ko nyuma yo gukora inyingo, BNR yagiranye ibiganiro n'abantu, ibigo n'inzego zitandukanye, babagezaho ibyagaragajwe n'iyo nyigo, ku buryo kuri ubu raporo yamaze gushyikirizwa Guverinoma y'u Rwanda.
Ati 'Icyo twakurikijeho ni ukugirana ibiganiro n'ibigo by'imari, inzego za leta zitandukanye, ubu twatanze iyo raporo muri leta kugira ngo babiganireho mu Nama y'Abaminisitiri, noneho tubone kubiganiriza abantu muri rusange.'
'Hanyuma y'icyo ngicyo tuzatangira gukora igerageza, kureba uko bikora, ikoranabuhanga twakoresha […] ni urugendo rushobora gufata nk'igihe cy'imyaka ibiri mbere yo kugira ngo tube twatanga CBDC ngo ibe yatangira gukoreshwa.'
Ku rundi ruhande ariko agaragaza ko ari ibintu bishobora gutwara nk'imyaka ibiri. Ni ukuvuga ko mu 2025, u Rwanda rushobora kuzaba ruri gukoza imitwe y'intoki ku ifaranga ry'ikoranabuhanga rya CBDC [Central Bank Digital Currency].
Ati 'Bitewe na buri cyiciro tugezemo icyo bitwereka ari nako dukomeza kureba bagenzi bacu ku ruhando mpuzamahanga inyigo bagenda bakora kubera ko tugenda tubigiraho, abari imbere yacu mu igerageza nabo turareba uko bigenda bigenda.'
'Gahunda rero irimo gukorwa igendanye na CBDC, ntabwo ari ikintu twavuga ngo umwaka utaha kizatangira ariko urugendo rwo kukigeraho rwaratangiye.'
Ku rundi ruhande ariko, Guverineri Rwangombwa yavuze ko ibijyanye n'amafaranga azwi nka 'Cryptocurrency', abantu basabwa gukomeza kuyitondera kubera ko BNR itari yayaha ikaze mu Rwanda.
CBDC itandukaniye he na Cryptocurrency?
Ifaranga rya CBDC ritandukanye n'andi mafaranga y'ikoranabuhanga azwi nka 'Cryptocurrency' ari n'aho ayo mu bwoko bwa Bitcoin abarizwa.
Iri faranga ry'ikoranabuhanga u Rwanda ruzakoresha, rizaba riri mu cyiciro cy'agenzurwa na Banki Nkuru y'Igihugu (BNR) nk'uko bigenda no ku yandi asanzwe akoreshwa.
Ibihugu byinshi birimo gusuzuma uko byatangiza ikoreshwa ry'iri faranga ndetse bimwe byateye intambwe bitangira kurikoresha. Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa iri faranga icyo ari cyo n'icyo risobanuye kuri sosiyete.
Bimwe mu bitandukanya Central Bank Digital Currency na Cryptocurrency harimo ko kimwe kiba kigenzurwa na Banki Nkuru y'Igihugu mu gihe ikindi gishobora kugenzurwa n'ubonetse wese.
Ibi bituma ikoreshwa rya Central Bank Digital Currency ritagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu nk'uko bigenda kuri Bitcoins kandi rikaba ryizewe nk'uko andi mafaranga bimeze.
Iri ni ifaranga rikorwa n'ibihugu ariko imisusire yaryo itandukanye n'ayo dusanzwe tubona y'inoti cyangwa ibiceri bikozwe muri zahabu cyangwa umuringa 'silver'.
Ni ifaranga ryemewe n'amategeko rikoreshwa mu kugura ibintu na serivisi ariko hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, kurihererekanya no kugaruza nabyo bigakorwa mu ikoranabuhanga.
Ifaranga abantu bashobora gufata mu ntoki riracyafite agaciro ndetse ni ryo rikoreshwa henshi, icyakora bimwe mu bihugu byateye imbere birimo kugabanya ikoreshwa ryaryo ndetse umuvuduko wabyo wiyongereye mu bihe bya Covid-19.
Umugishwanama akaba n'impuguke mu bukungu, Teddy Kaberuka, aherutse kubwira IGIHE ko ikoreshwa ry'ifaranga ry'ikoranabuhanga rigenzurwa na Banki Nkuru z'Ibihugu ririmo inyungu zitandukanye.
Ati 'Byagaragaye ko ari ifaranga rishobora gukemura bimwe mu bibazo ifaranga rifatika rifite, urugero nk'iyo ugiye kugura ibintu hanze, niba ufite Amanyarwanda iyo ugiye mu Bushinwa si yo ujyana urabanza ukayavunjisha, akenshi usanga uvungisha inshuro ebyiri, ukavunjisha mu Madorali ukabona kuvunjija mu yo mu Bushinwa wagira n'asaguka bikagusaba kuyasubiza mu Manyarwanda, urumva bibamo ibihombo.'
'Ariko iri faranga ry'ikoranabuhanga, aba ari ifaranga rimwe abantu bahuriraho, urumva ko ririmo inyungu. Ikindi hari n'ikiguzi kijyana no gucunga ifaranga, haba mu kuyakora ndetse no kuyacungira umutekano. Uzarebe nk'iyo Banki Nkuru y'Igihugu ivanye amafaranga mu ntara iyazanye i Kigali uba usanga aherekejwe kandi turabizi ko hari ibihugu byinshi amafaranga yibwa. Ibyo byose ni ibihombo biterwa no kuba ufite amafaranga afatika.'
Teddy Kaberuka avuga ko kuba u Rwanda rwatangira gukoresha ifaranga ry'ikoranabuhanga bitavuze ko ruzahita ruhagarika ikoreshwa ry'amafaranga asanzwe.
Ati 'Kubera ko ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere bifite, ibibazo byo kuba abantu bose bataragera ku iterambere, haracyari n'abantu batazi gusoma no kwandika.'
'Navuga ko uburyo bwombi buzakomeza gukora ni nk'uko haje uburyo bw'ikarita ariko sheki zigakomeza gukora muri banki, ni nk'uko haje guhererekanya amafaranga kuri telefone ariko n'amafaranga abantu bagendana agakomeza gukoreshwa.'
Yakomeje agira ati 'Icyo ibihugu bikora ni uguhuza ubwo buryo bwombi hatazagira umuturage ubura uko abaho kubera ko hari ibyaje atabasha. Uko igihe kigenda kimwe kigenda gisimbura ikindi nk'ubu nk'umubare w'amafaranga akorwa waragabanutse kubera ko abantu basigaye bakoresha ikoranabuhanga.'
Muri rusange ifaranga ry'ikoranabuhanga 'Digital Currency' rikoreshwa mu kugura ibintu cyangwa serivisi kuri internet ariko rikaba ritahindurwa mu mafaranga afatika.
