Magingo aya, Tribert Rujugiro Ayabatwa, ntakiri mu mwuka w'abazima. Yapfuye aguye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu mu Mujyi wa Dubai, aho yabaga, ku myaka 83.
Ni umwe mu bagabo bakoze ku ifaranga mu bihe byo hambere, ahera mu Burundi, RDC, muri Uganda, akomereza mu Rwanda, Afurika y'Epfo n'ahandi.
Uyu mugabo wabonye izuba ahagana mu 1941, yakoze ibikorwa byinshi by'ubucuruzi biranamuhira, ariko biba akarusho bigeze mu bucuruzi bw'itabi, bwamukungahaje.
Kuva mu 1978, Rujugiro yatangiye ubucuruzi bw'itabi, ashinga uruganda yise 'PanAfrican Tobacco Group (PTG)', rugira inganda zirindwi zirushamikiyeho n'amashami mu bihugu icyenda birimo Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu (UAE), u Burundi, Uganda, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), Nigeria, Tanzania, Afurika y'Epfo, Sudan y'Epfo na Angola.
Ibi byatumye uruganda rwe ruba mu za mbere zikomeye ku Mugabane wa Afurika mu bucuruzi bw'itabi, rugera n'aho rubarirwa urwunguko rwa miliyoni 200$ buri mwaka, rukura mu bucuruzi rukorera mu bihugu 52 ku Isi.
Uwabazaga Rujugiro aho yakuye uyu mutungo wose, yamusubizaga ko ubuzima bukomeye yanyuzemo bwanamubujije amahirwe y'ishuri, 'bwatumye yiga kwirwanaho'.
Mu mwaka wa 2019, ubwo yizihizaga isabukuru y'imyaka 40 amaze mu bucuruzi, Rujugiro yabwiye umunyamakuru Mfonobong Nsehe wa Forbes ko ibyo yagezeho byose abikesha abakozi be barenga 7 000 bamubereye indahemuka, ariko yongeraho ko anashimira Leta z'ibihugu byo mu Karere, ku ruhare zagize mu bikorwa bye.
Itabi; inzira y'ubusamo yagejeje Rujuguro ku bukire binyuze mu nzira z'amacenga
Rujugiro iyo yasobanuraga uburyo yafashijwe na leta zitandukanye, hari uwashoboraga gukeka ko ari nk'uburyo busanzwe leta zifashamo abashoramari bazanye ibikorwa by'iterambere mu gihugu.
Ibi ariko si ko bimeze kuko raporo y'Umuryango udahanira inyungu, 'Counter Terrorism Project' ukora ubushakashatsi ku mitwe y'iterabwoba, ugaragaza ko ubukungu bwa Rujugiro bufite inkomoko mu bucuruzi bw'itabi butemewe n'amategeko, bwiganjemo ibikorwa bya ruswa, magendu, kunyereza imisoro no gukorana n'imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Iyi raporo yiswe 'An unholy Alliance: Links between Extremist and Illicit Trade in East Africa', igaragaza ko Akarere ka Afurika y'Iburasirazuba kibasiwe n'ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi bw'itabi bwa magendu, binakoreshwa mu gutera inkunga imitwe y'iterabwoba yayogoje aka Karere, kandi byose bikagirwamo uruhare rukomeye na Rujugiro Ayabatwa Tribert, nk'umwe mu bucuruzi b'itabi bakomeye muri Afurika.
Bikekwa ko mu matabi 10 acuruzwa muri aka Karere, rimwe riba ryinjijwe mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko, bitewe n'uko itabi ari kimwe mu bicuruzwa bisoreshwa umusoro uri hejuru ku Isi, mu rwego rwo guca intege ubwo bucuruzi buzwiho kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw'abantu. Nko mu Rwanda, itabi risoreshwa 120% by'agaciro karyo.
N'ubwo bimeze gutya ariko, abacuruzi nka Rujugiro bari bazi amayeri yo gukwepa imisoro no kwinjiza itabi mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko, ku buryo nko kuri kontineri y'itabi yakoreshejwe 100 000$, ishobora gucuruzwa hafi miliyoni 2$, nk'uko iyi raporo ibigaragaza.
Bitewe n'iyi nyungu, itabi ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa bikoreshwa n'imitwe y'iterabwoba mu kubona ubushobozi bwo gukomeza guhemba abahezanguni bayo ndetse no gutegura ibikorwa by'iterabwoba.
Imitwe nka Al-Qaeda, JNIM, HTS, Hezbollah, Boko Haram n'indi itandukanye ku Isi, ikura bumwe mu bushobozi bwayo mu bucuruzi bw'itabi, ku buryo uwavuga ko ubu bucuruzi ari indiri y'ibikorwa by'iterabwoba, ataba yibeshye.
Ntibitangaje rero kuba umwe mu bacuruzi b'itabi bakomeye muri Afurika, yakwifashisha iterabwoba mu guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwe, nk'uko bigenda ahandi ku Isi.
Si ibyo gusa, kuko abamuzi i Burundi bavuga uburyo yatiraga imirambo akayereka ibigo by'ubwishingizi kugira ngo bimwishyure impozamarira ku mpanuka mpimbano.
Bavuga kandi uburyo yakunze kwishora mu bikorwa bya ruswa, byatumaga arenganya abacuruzi b'umunyu bashakaga kumubuza umugati, ibyanaje gutuma afungwa ariko akaza gutoroka gereza mu mwaka wa 1991, ayimazemo imyaka itatu.
Nyuma yo kongera kwigaragaza ahagana mu myaka ya za 2000, Rujugiro yinjiye mu bucuruzi bwa banki akoresheje amayeri yatamajwe n'ibitangazamakuru byo mu Burundi, bituma ava mu bya banki yerekeza mu bucuruzi bwa sima.
Ageze muri Afurika y'Epfo nabwo yakomeje ibikorwa bififitse, akajya akwepakwepa imisoro kugeza atawe muri yombi mu Bwongereza mu mwaka wa 2008, ku mpapuro zatanzwe na Afurika y'Epfo, zamuregaga ideni ry'umusoro rya miliyoni 3,7$.
Ibi bikorwa byaherekeje Rujugiro no mu masaziro ye, kuko mu 2012 yajyanywe mu nkiko n'uruganda rwa Mastermind Tobacco Kenya, rwamushinjaga gucuruza itabi ryarwo rya 'Supermatch' mu buryo bwa magendu, kandi ku giciro gito.
Umugisha wavumbutse mu kavuyo
Afurika, by'umwiharikoAfurika y'Iburasirazuba, ni ahantu heza ho gukorera ubucuruzi bw'itabi. Ni kamwe mu duce tw'Isi turimo imitwe y'iterabwoba myinshi, ikambitse cyane cyane muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.
Ni ahantu kandi harangwa na ruswa nyinshi, hakera amababi akorwamo itabi kandi ntibahe amategeko y'umurengera, agenzura ubuziranenge bw'itabi ricuruzwa ku isoko, nk'uko bimeze mu bindi bice by'Isi.
Aya mahirwe Rujugiro yayabyaje umusaruro, ndetse kuva mu 1978, atangira ubucuruzi bw'itabi bwakomeje gukura uko umwaka utashye, kugeza ubwo atangiye no kubwagurira mu bindi bihugu.
Amafaranga yavuye muri ubu bucuruzi, Rujugiro yayashoye mu bikorwa bindi by'ubucuruzi, nk'inyubako ya Union Trade Center (UTC) mu Rwanda, ndetse n'indi mitungo asize mu bihugu binyuranye.
Mu Rwanda Rujugiro yarahiriwe, atera imbere mu buryo bufatika abikesha ubucuruzi bw'itabi, imirima y'icyayi yari afite ndetse n'inzu yamwitiriwe yakorerwagamo ubucuruzi, ikamwinjiriza ibihumbi 120$ ku kwezi [Arenga miliyoni 150 Frw]
Ibintu byakomeje kugenda neza hagati ya Rujugiro na Leta y'u Rwanda, ariko uyu mubano uzamo agatotsi ubwo uyu mugabo yatangiraga ibikorwa bigayitse byo kunyereza umusoro, ariko biza kumupfubana mu Rwanda kuko Leta yamusabye kwishyura umusoro wose agomba.
Ibi byazamuye ukutumvikana hagati ya Leta y'u Rwanda na Rujugiro wari warafashe iy'ubuhungiro, biza kurangira UTC ifatiriwe mu 2013, ndetse iza gutezwa cyamunara muri 2017 kugira ngo Leta igomboze umwenda wa miliyari 5 Frw Rujugiro yari ayibereyemo.
Si ibyo gusa kandi kuko tariki 14 Mutarama 2009, Rujugiro yeguye ku mwanya w'ubuyobozi bw'Inama y'Ubutegetsi ya RIG, (Rwanda Investment Group). Icyo gihe yavuze ko yeguye ku mpamvu ze bwite, ariko hari ibindi bikomeye byari byihishe inyuma.
Ubwegure bwe bwari bushingiye ku buriganya mu bikorwa byo kwagura CIMERWA. Uru ruganda rwa Sima, rwari mu maboko ya leta ariko mu 2006 irwegurira abikorera. Ni uko RIG yarufashe guhera mu 2006 kugera mu 2011 nyuma yo kugura imigabane ingana na 90%.
RIG yari yiyemeje kurwagura, itangira gahunda yo kugura imashini mu Bushinwa. Rujugiro yavugaga ko ruzaba rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora toni 600.000 ku mwaka, ni ukuvuga inshuro esheshatu ubushobozi bwari busanzwe.
Abashinwa bagombaga gukora imirimo yo kubaka, ikarangira muri Mutarama 2010. Mu gihe ibyo byabaga, RIG yari ihuriro ry'abashoramari 43. Mu 2007, inyungu y'ibikorwa byabo yari miliyari 1,7 Frw, inyungu nini ivuye muri CIMERWA.
Amakuru avuga ko muri uko gushaka ibikoresho byo kwagura urwo ruganda, Rujugiro yagiye mu Bushinwa ahagarariye RIG kurambagiza imashini, aho kugura iza miliyoni 36$, akoresha miliyoni 23$, ikinyuranyo aragitwara.
Bivugwa ko yari afite umugambi wo kubaka uruganda rwe ku giti cye mu Burundi, rugatwara isoko CIMERWA yari ifite muri icyo gihugu. Inama y'Ubutegetsi ya RIG imaze kubitahura, niho havuye ubwegure bwe.
Ubufatanye n'imitwe y'iterabwoba
Nyuma yo kutumvikana na Leta y'u Rwanda ndetse no guhunga mu 2009, Rujugiro yatangiye ibikorwa byo kwifatanya n'imitwe y'iterabwoba irwanya ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda, kuko muri Mata 2011, Polisi y'u Rwanda yafashe imodoka umunani uyu mugabo yari yoherereje FDRL, umutwe ugizwe na bamwe mu basize bahekuye u Rwanda muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Izo modoka zari izo mu bwoko bwa Toyota Landcruiser, zari zaguzwe mu Akagera Motors n'Uruganda rwa Congo Tobacco Company rwa Rujugiro. Zafatiwe mu Karere ka Nyabihu zerekeza ku mupaka wa RDC, abari bazitwaye bahita bajyanwa gufungirwa kuri Station ya Polisi ku Kicukiro.
Uwari Umuvugizi wa Polisi icyo gihe, Theos Badege, yavuze ko hari amakuru ko zari zigiye gufasha imitwe yitwaje intwaro muri RDC irwanya u Rwanda. Yongeyeho ko zari nshya, nta kintu zikoreye.
Ibikorwa nk'ibi nibyo byashyize iherezo ku cyizere cyo kuzahura umubano wa Leta y'u Rwanda na Rujugiro, kuko atari agifatatwa nk'umuntu wanyereje umutungo gusa, ariko yari asigaye afatwa nk'umwanzi w'igihugu mu buryo bweruye.
Raporo iragira iti 'Nk'umunyamigabane w'uruganda rw'itabi rwa mbere runini muri Afurika, inyungu za Rujugiro mu Karere ka Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ziboneka mu bihugu birimo Uganda, Tanzania, u Burundi, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Sudani y'Epfo n'ibindi.'
Iyi raporo ikomeza ivuga ko 'Kuva 2008, inganda zishamikiye kuri Rujugiro zakomeje kugaragara mu bikorwa bitemewe n'amategeko mu Karere.'
Umugambi wo gukuraho Perezida Kagame
Mu bihugu byose Rujugiro yakoreyemo, u Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bitamuhaye uburenganzira bwo kunyereza imisoro, cyangwa ngo ahabwe amasoko wenyine mu gihugu nk'uko yari abimenyereye kuva akiri umujene ubwo yakoreraga ubucuruzi mu Burundi.
Amaze kubona ko Leta y'u Rwanda itazamuha uburenganzira yifuzaga bwo gukora ubucuruzi mu buryo yishakiye, Rujugiro yareruye arahiga, avuga ko azashirwa akuyeho iyo Leta yamunanije iyobowe na Perezida Paul Kagame. .
Uku niko yifatanyije n'umutwe w'iterabwoba wa RNC, watangijwe n'abarimo Kayumba Nyamwasa na Patrick Karegeya, nabo bari barahunze igihugu nyuma yo kunanirwa kubahiriza amategeko y'igihugu, kwijandika mu manyanga no gushyira imbere inyungu zabo bwite.
Muri icyo gihe, yabaye umuterankunga mukuru wa RNC, by'umwihariko umutwe wayo wa P5 wabarizwaga mu mashyamba ya Congo.
Umusanzu wa Rujugiro mu gushyigikira iyi mitwe wagaragajwe muri raporo yakozwe n'impuguke z'Umuryango w'Abibumbye mu 2018, yavuze ko uyu Rujugiro yateye inkunga ifatika umutwe wa RNC na P5.
Intambara z'uyu mutwe ariko zabaye imfabusa, kuko abahoze ari abarwanyi bawo nka Habib Mudathiru wari uyoboye ibikorwa by'urugamba, yamaze gukatirwa imyaka 25 y'igifungo nyuma y'uko afatiwe ku rugamba muri 2019 akoherezwa mu Rwanda.
Yateye inkunga abaharabika u Rwanda
Mu 2017, nibwo byagiye ahabona ko Umuherwe w'Umunyarwanda, Tribert Ayabatwa Rujugiro, abinyujije kuri Dr David Himbara utavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda, yishyuye ibihumbi byinshi by'amadolari ikigo gikora ubuvugizi mu guhuza inzego zitandukanye muri Amerika, Podesta Group. Ni ikigo gikorera i Washington, D.C.
Icyo kigo cyaje guhuza Himbara na bagenzi be bahunze igihugu batavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, n'umwe mu bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Amerika, Christopher Smith, wari ukuriye agashami ka Komisiyo y'Ububanyi n'Amahanga, kibanda kuri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara.
Imibare yashyizwe ahagaragara nk'uko bisabwa n'itegeko rya Amerika, yerekana ko Himbara yatangiye gukorana na Podesta Group muri Nzeri 2014, muri uwo mwaka yishyura 120.000$.
Mu 2015 yishyuye 140.000$, mu 2016 yishyura 120.000$, mu 2017 ho kugeza kugeza kuwa 20 Nyakanga yari amaze gutanga 60.000$, yose hamwe akangana na 440 000$, ni ukuvuga arenga miliyoni 372 Frw.
Mu mihuro yabaye, nk'uwo ku wa 20 Gicurasi 2015, Himbara yashinje leta y'u Rwanda gushyigikira iterabwoba, avuga ko Amerika nk'igihugu gifite amategeko arwanya ko ibihugu bishyigikira bene ibyo bikorwa 'komisiyo yareba uko ayo mategeko yakoreshwa kuri leta y'u Rwanda.'
Mu gihe ibyo ari ibyo hambere, mu minsi ishize umukobwa wa Paul Rusesabagina, Carine Kanimba, yari imbere y'abagize inteko ishinga amategeko asobanura uburyo ngo u Rwanda rumuneka, rwifashishije ikoranabuhanga rya Pegasus.
Yashaje afite amateka amutera kububa
Ubwo Paul Rusesabagina yari amaze gutabwa muri yombi, Rujugiro n'abandi barwanya ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda, batangiye kubaho mu bwoba bwinshi, bakeka ko umunsi umwe nabo bashobora kwisanga imbere y'inkiko.
Byaje guhumira ku mirari kuri Rujugiro kuko we umutima watangiye kudiha cyane ko yabaga mu Mujyi wa Dubai aho Rusesabagina yaturutse azanwa mu Rwanda. Aya makenga y'abatavuga rumwe n'u Rwanda, yakomezwaga n'uko kandi hari hashize iminsi mike Nsabimana Callixte wamenyekanye nka Sankara agejejwe mu Rwanda nk'umuzigo mu buryo nawe atazi avanywe mu Birwa bya Maurice.
Hari kandi n'abari bagize umutwe w'iterabwoba P5 barimo Habib Mudathiru, bisanze mu Rwanda mu buryo nabo ubwabo batasobanukiwe neza.
Aba hafi ya Rujugiro bari bamaze iminsi bavuga ko hari ingendo atagikora kubera ubwoba bw'uko ashobora kwisanga imbere y'ubutabera bw'u Rwanda kubera ibyo yishinjaga. Bavuga ko imyaka ye ya nyuma ari muzima yayimaze ari mu bwoba bwinshi nka bumwe bw'abanyabyaha, ku buryo nta mahoro yari agifite.
