Ibi bivuze ko mu myaka 11 iri imbere, Umunyarwanda agomba kuba yinjiza nibura ibihumbi 3$ by'inyongera ku 1040$ ari kwinjiza ubu. Kugira ngo ayo ibihumbi 3$ azaboneke mu myaka 11 iri imbere, bisaba ko ku mwaka haboneka nibura amadolari ari hejuru ya 270$.
Kugira ngo wumve uburyo bigoyemo, wibaze ko byatwaye imyaka umunani hagati ya 2015 na 2023 kugira ngo Umunyarwanda yongere 281$ ku mafaranga yinjiza ku mwaka, ava kuri 759$ agera ku 1040$.
Ibi byagoranye gutya mu myaka umunani, kuri ubu byakabayeho buri mwaka kugira ngo u Rwanda ruzabe ari igihugu gifite ubukungu buciriritse mu 2035.
Minisitiri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi, Minecofin, ivuga ko kugera kuri iyi ntego byasabaga ubukungu bw'u Rwanda kuzamuka ku kigero gitangaje cya 12% ku mwaka, ibi bikaba buri mwaka kuva mu 2018 kugera mu 2035.
Uramutse ugarukiye aha wavuga ko u Rwanda rwamaze gutsindwa kuri iyi ntego.
Dukureyo amaso?
Icyakora nubwo intego u Rwanda rwihaye igoye cyane hafi yo kudashoboka, haracyari icyizere ko rushobora kuramira bimwe, rukaba rwagera kuri iyi ntego ku kigero gishimishije, nubwo wenda bitaba uko rwari rwabiteganyije mu igenamigambi ry'ibanze.
Ibi rero bisaba guca mu nzira ijya kuba inzitane, icyakora nanone ishoboka. Ubusanzwe ibihugu hafi ya byose bitera imbere mu buryo bujya kuba bumwe.
Igihugu gitangira gikennye, gishingira ubukungu bwacyo ku buhinzi nabwo bukunze kuba butanga umusaruro muke cyane, nubwo kenshi buba butanga akazi ku barenga 50% by'abaturage. Mu Rwanda iki kigero cyari 70% mu minsi mike ishize.
Ibi kenshi biterwa n'uko ubumenyi abaturage baba bafite buba ari buke cyane, ku buryo badashobora kujya mu bikorwa bisaba ubumenyi buhambaye nko gukoresha inganda, gutanga serivisi zikomeye n'ibindi.
Niyo mpamvu uburezi ari ingenzi cyane, kuko buzamura bwa bumenyi, bityo igihugu cyari gishingiye ubukungu bwacyo ku buhinzi bwa gakondo budakenera ubuhanga buhambaye, kigatangira gushingira ubukungu bwacyo ku bikorerwa mu nganda, nabyo bibamo ibisaba ubumenyi buke, nk'inganda zikora imyenda, n'ibisaba ubumenyi buhambaye, nk'inganda zikora imodoka.
Uko igihugu gitera imbere, abakoraga mu rwego rw'ubuhinzi bimukira mu zindi nzego zirimo urwego rwa serivisi n'urwego rw'inganda. Gusa iyo aba bakozi badafite ubumenyi bukwiriye, birangira umusaruro wabo muri izo nzego nshya binjiyemo ari muke, bityo ubukungu bw'igihugu bukazamuka ku kigero gito cyane.
Ukurikije uru rugendo, ubona ko u Rwanda rukiri mu bihugu bikennye bifite ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi nabwo bwa gakondo, gusa ukurikije gahunda za Leta, ubona ko u Rwanda rwifuza kwinjira mu bihugu bifite inganda ziciriritse n'izikora ibikoresho bidasaba ubuhanga buhambaye, urwego ushobora kubariramo ibihugu nka Bangladesh.
Gutera iyi ntambwe winjira mu iki cyiciro gishya ni ibintu bigoye cyane, ndetse guteza imbere inganda ni imwe mu maturufu akomeye cyane u Rwanda rugomba gukina neza niba koko rwifuza kugera ku ntego zarwo, hakiyongeraho urwego rwa serivisi rusigaye ari ishyiga ry'inyuma mu bukungu bw'u Rwanda.
Nta nzira y'ubusamo ihari, u Rwanda rugomba guteza imbere inganda zarwo nk'imwe mu nzira izarugeza ku ntego zarwo. Gusa nanone bitewe n'uburyo intego z'u Rwanda ziri ku rwego ruhambaye cyane ugereranyije n'imiterere y'ubukungu bwarwo, Banki y'Isi ivuga ko nibura kuzamura inganda gusa bidahagije.
Muri raporo iyi Banki yakoze mu gusesengura ubukungu bw'u Rwanda n'uburyo ruzagera ku ntego zarwo, ivugamo ko 'Uburyo bwose bwo kuzamura ubukungu mu bihe biri imbere buzasaba kwibanda ku nzego zose (ubuhinzi, inganda, serivisi,...). Gushingira [ubukungu] ku bikorerwa mu nganda gusa nk'inzira izazamura ubukungu biri kugenda bigorana ugereranyije n'ibihe byashize.'
'[Kuzamura] Urwego rwa serivisi rushobora gutanga umusaruro, ariko urwego rwa serivisi rwonyine ntirushobora kwakira abakozi bafite ubumenyi buke baruganamo bavuye mu buhinzi.'
Ibi bisobanuye ko urwego rw'inganda rutagomba gusigara inyuma, kandi koko urebye imbaraga Leta iri kurushyiramo, ubona ko yumva neza uburemere bwarwo.
Nk'urugero ni gahunda yatangijwe igamije kubaka ibyanya by'inganda icyenda mu gihugu hose, bigomba kuzatanga umusaruro urenga miliyari 1000 Frw mu bukungu bw'u Rwanda, kandi byatanze akazi ku bantu barenga ibihumbi 27.
Ese ibi birashoboka?
Uramutse wumvise iby'iyi gahunda ushobora gukeka ko bidashoboka, gusa urebye ibimaze gukorwa mu myaka mike ishize, ubona ko hari amahirwe akomeye muri uru rwego.
Urugero ni Icyanya cy'Inganda cya Kigali, 'Kigali Special Economic Zone'.
Iki Cyanya cyatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu 2007, Leta igishoramo amafaranga atubutse mu kugitunganya, kucyubaka no kucyimuriramo inganda.
Magingo aya kiri gutanga umusaruro udasanzwe, kuko nibura kimaze guhanga imirimo ihoraho irenga 16.300, irimo imirimo 1.300 yatangijwe nibura mu 2023. Aba bakozi babarizwa mu bigo 234 biri muri iki Cyanya, aho mu mwaka ushize wonyine byabashije kohereza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro kangana na miliyoni 460$, muri miliyari 3.5$ u Rwanda rwinjije aturutse mu bicuruzwa na serivisi rwohereje hanze.
Ku rundi ruhande, Icyanya cy'Inganda cya Bugesera nacyo ubwacyo kimaze gutanga imirimo igera ku 1500 ihoraho, kandi kiracyari mu ntangiriro zacyo.
Mu 2023, uruhare rw'urwego rw'inganda ku musaruro mbumbe w'igihugu rwari 22%, inyongera ya 10% ugereranyije n'umwaka wari wabanje. Ibikorerwa mu nganda byiyongereyeho 11% mu gihe urwego rw'ubwubatsi, rufashe runini mu guteza imbere inganda, rwari rwiyongereye ku kigero cya 12%.
Ibi byose ni umusaruro werekana uburyo urwego rw'inganda, nubwo rukiri ruto cyane kandi rukeneye kwitabwaho na Leta kugira ngo rukure, rufite amahirwe akomeye ashobora gufasha u Rwanda mu kubaka ubukungu burambye, rukagera ku ntego yo kuba igihugu gifite ubukungu buciriritse.
Ibi bizarushaho gushoboka mu gihe u Rwanda rwazamura umusaruro w'ibyo rwohereza mu mahanga, ukava kuri 20% by'umusaruro mbumbe ukagera nibura kuri 46% mu 2035.
U Rwanda kandi rugomba kugira amahirwe Isoko Rusange rya Afurika rigatanga umusaruro wifuzwa, kuko ryaruha amahirwe yo kongera 7% ku byo rwohereza mu mahanga ndetse rukanongera inyungu rwinjiza ku kigero cya 4%, bitarenze 2035.
Gusa mu gihe ibihugu bya Afurika bitakwitabira iri soko, izi nyongera ntabwo u Rwanda rwabasha kuzibona.
Source : http://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/special-economic-zones-amakiriro-y-ahazaza-h-u-rwanda
