Umukozi w'urwo rwego, yageze aho uwo muntu ari, aramufata, atangira kumuhata ibibazo. Yari umugabo w'imyaka 42, ukomoka mu Rwanda, wari winjiye muri Amerika mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko anyuze ku mupaka mpuzamahanga uhuza Canada na Amerika.
Uwo mugabo yahise afatwa arafungwa, hashize amasaha make ajyanwa kuri Station ya Polisi ya Houlton atangira gukurikiranwaho icyaha cyo kwinjira ku butaka bwa Amerika mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko.
Icyo gihe hari hashize imyaka ine, hari undi munyarwanda ufatiwe ku mupaka wa Amerika avuye muri Canada mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko ku buryo mu iperereza ryaje no kugaragara ko akekwaho kugira uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Magingo aya, umupaka wa Amerika na Canada wongeye kugarukwaho cyane kubera uburyo ukomeje kuba icyambu cy'abinjira muri Amerika mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko.
Kugeza ubu, kimwe mu bintu Amerika yashoboje Isi, ni uburyo yigaragaje mu myaka myinshi ishize, kuko abantu bumva ko ariho hari ubuzima bwiza kurusha ahandi. Ni yo mpamvu, nta munyamerika n'umwe cyangwa se umukunzi wayo ujya atekereza ku nenge zayo, nko kuba ituwe n'abarenga miliyoni 40 batagira aho kuba (homeless) cyangwa se miliyoni 14 zitabona ibyo kurya.
Abava mu Rwanda bajya muri Amerika ntabwo ari bose bahirwa n'ubuzima. Mu mezi icumi ashize, Abashinzwe kugenzura umupaka wa Amerika na Canada mu gace ka Houlton, bataye muri yombi abantu ibihumbi 15 b'Abanyamahanga, baturutse mu bihugu 85, binjiye muri Amerika mu buryo butemewe.
Ni ubwa mbere abo bantu babaye benshi kuri iki kigero.
Abo bantu binjira muri Canada mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi, hanyuma bakagera ku mupaka wayo na Amerika bakinjirira ahitwa Swanton, Umujyi muto wo muri Vermont.
Iyo bageze aho baba bashobora kwerekeza nibura mu duce two muri Amerika nka Vermont, mu tundi duce twa New York nka Manhattan, Brooklyn, The Bronx, Queens n'ahandi. Abatagiye aho, baba bashobora kwerekeza mu duce tumwe na tumwe twa leta ya New Hampshire.
Bibasaba nibura urugendo rungana no kuva i Kigali ukagera i Rusizi ukongera ugasubira i Kigali kugira ngo babe bavuye Quebec cyangwa Ontario muri Canada babashe kugera ku mupaka umwe mu yo bambukiraho bakoresheje imodoka mu Mujyi wa Alburgh muri Leta ya Vermont.
Mu 2023, umubare w'abantu binjirira kuri uyu mupaka, wari wiyongereyeho 6700, baturuka mu bihugu 76. Gusa mu mwaka umwe gusa, abo bantu bamaze kwikuba inshuro eshatu, ndetse n'umubare w'ibihugu baturukamo warazamutse ugera kuri 85.
Abanyarwanda bari mu bakoresha iyo nzira
Muri ibyo bihugu 85, u Rwanda ruri mu bihugu 21 byo ku mugabane wa Afurika bifite abaturage benshi binjira muri Amerika mu buryo bunyuranyije amategeko. Ntabwo umubare wabo utangazwa ariko ruza mu bya mbere.
Si abo muri Afurika kuko n'ibihugu bikomeye ku Isi nk'u Budage, u Bufaransa, Espagne, u Butaliyani, u Burusiya n'ibindi nabyo bifite umubare munini w'abaturage binjira muri icyo gihugu.
Imibare igaragaza ko Abanyarwanda baba muri Amerika bagiye biyongera umunsi ku wundi guhera mu myaka ya 2000, gusa abenshi nta bwenegihugu bw'iki gihugu bari bafite, kandi bagiyeyo ku mpamvu zitandukanye.
Raporo ya OIM, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye rishinzwe Abimukira, igaragaza ko ibarura ryakozwe na Amerika mu 2000, ryerekanye ko Abanyarwanda 1.956 babaga muri Amerika, muri bo 280 nibo bonyine bari barahawe ubwenegihugu.
Rigaragaza ko 1.425 bari batari barahawe ubwenegihugu, ni ukuvuga 72,5% by'abari muri iki gihugu icyo gihe, bari barahageze hagati y'umwaka wa 1990 na 2000.
Ibarura ryo mu 2010 ryo ntabwo ryigeze rigaragaza imibare y'Abanyarwanda bari muri Amerika mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi. Gusa raporo zitandukanye zerekanye ko mu 2012 bari bageze ku 7.000
Mu 2014, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Mpunzi, UNHCR, ryagaragaje ko Abanyarwanda 445 bari muri Amerika nk'abasaba ubuhungiro mu gihe 1.020 bari impunzi.
Imibare itangwa na Minisiteri y'Umutekano muri Amerika yerekana ko hagati ya 2013 na 2020, Abanyarwanda 2.881 bahawe ubwenegihugu bwa Amerika. Kugeza mu 2022, habarurwaga Abanyarwanda 11.325 bari muri Amerika mu buryo bumwe cyangwa se ubundi.
Raporo ya OIM igaragaza ko mu banyarwanda bari muri Amerika, ab'Abanyeshuri iyo barangije amasomo yabo, bahitamo kuguma muri Amerika aho gutahuka mu gihugu cyabo.
Abo banyeshuri biga muri Kaminuza, basangwa mu zirenga 200 zo muri iki gihugu. Iyo barangije, bakora mu bigo bitandukanye byo muri Amerika, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n'Ubumenyi muri Mudasobwa [computer science], Engineering, ibijyanye n'amashanyarazi [electrical engineering], ibijyanye n'ubukanishi [mechanical engineering], ibinyabuzima n'ubuforomo.
Bibarwa ko umubare munini w'Abanyarwanda bari muri Amerika, baba muri Leta ya Texas mu mijyi ya Dallas na Fort Worth.
Aba banyarwanda bagira uruhare mu guteza imbere igihugu cyababyaye, kuko amafaranga yinjira mu Rwanda avuye muri Diaspora yagiye azamuka umwaka ku wundi. Nko mu 2015, yari miliyoni 153$ arazamuka agera kuri miliyoni 275$ mu 2020. Mu mwaka ushize, yari hafi miliyoni 500$.
Umubare munini, ni atangwa n'Abanyarwanda baba muri Amerika kuko hagati ya 2010 na 2019, ayatanzwe yose bari bafiteho uruhare rwa 65%; 51%; 49%; 54%; 64%; 59%; 44%; 35% na 29% uko iyo myaka yagiye ikurikirana.
Abinjira muri Amerika mu buryo butemewe bahura n'uruva gusenya
Abaturage batuye mu gace ka Derby muri Vermont aho abinjira muri Amerika bambukira ku bwinshi, batanga ubuhamya ko 'amasaha yose y'umunsi' abimukira binjiye muri Amerika mu buryo butemewe, baba bambuka bava muri Canada.
Ibyo ni kimwe n'abinjira muri iki gihugu binjiriye mu zindi Leta nka Texas n'ahandi. Umunsi ku wundi barazamuka.
Amakuru IGIHE ifite ni uko hari Abanyarwanda binjira muri Amerika muri ubu buryo, usibye abinjirira muri Canada, hari n'abandi banyura mu bindi bihugu. Kimwe mu bivugwa cyane ni Mexique hamwe n'ibindi bihugu bihana imbibi na Amerika ariko umunyarwanda ashobora kwinjiramo adasabye Visa.
Abatangabuhamya bavuga ko abo banyarwanda mbere yo kuva mu gihugu, babanza bagurisha imitungo yabo, bagashaka amafaranga ahagije y'impamba muri urwo rugendo.
Abafashe indege bakanyura muri Mexique, akenshi bitwaza agera ku bihumbi 10$ bazifashisha. Iyo bageze muri Mexique, bambuka ishyamba akenshi mu masaha y'ijoro bakinjira muri Amerika. Abagize amahirwe ntibafatwe bakomeza urugendo bakajya gutangira ubuzima bushya. Iyo nzira hari abayimaramo iminsi itatu.
Abandi iyo bafashwe barafungwa, bagashyikirizwa ubutabera. IGIHE ifite amakuru y'umuntu umwe uherutse kugurisha imitungo ye agiye kuyoboka iyi nzira, gusa abantu baramuganiriza, bamubwira ko aho yari kwambukira umutekano wakajijwe.
Ntiyashatse kugaragara muri iyi nkuru, ariko yaduhamirije ayo makuru.
Usibye abashobora gufungwa, ab'intege nke hari ababura n'ubuzima bwabo. Nta rwego na rumwe rwemeza ko hari Umunyarwanda wapfuye muri ubwo buryo ariko ubuhamya ni cyo bugaragaza.
Banyura mu bihugu 10, batwawe mu bwato no mu modoka bahekeranye
Usibye ibihugu bike aba bantu banyuramo bari mu ndege, ibindi byinshi baba bari mu modoka no mu bwato. Abakoze iyi nzira igoye, basobanura ko atari ibintu bakwifuriza uwo ariwe wese, kuko hari n'abahaburira ubuzima.
Ni urugendo runyura mu bihugu 10. Bamwe bava i Kigali, bakanyura i Nairobi muri Kenya berekeza i Istanbul muri Turikiya bakahava bajya muri Panama bagakomereza muri Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, Mexique (mu Mujyi wa Tapachula, Juchitán n'indi) mbere yo kwinjira muri Amerika.
Umwe ati 'Twagenze urugendo rukomeye kandi ruteye ubwoba. Badushyize mu modoka bakajya badukandagira nk'amatungo. Badutsindagiye mu ihema, barangiza bagashyiraho triplex, barangije baradupfundikira.'
Undi mutangabuhamya yagize ati ' Twagiye amasaha ane mu bwato, bubiri bwari burimo abavuga Ikinyarwanda. Muri ubwo bwato bundi, hapfiriyemo abantu babiri.
Undi watanze ubuhamya, ntiyakoze uru rugendo nyuma yo kumva ingorane abantu bahura nazo. Ati 'Ni urugendo rugoye, abantu bamara amezi abiri cyangwa atatu bataragerayo. Uwihuse amara ukwezi mu nzira. Muba mugenda mucumbika. Inzira inagoye ni ukuvuga Mexique, kugira ngo uve ku gace kamwe ugere ahandi.'
Benshi bajya kugera muri Mexique, amafaranga yarabashizeho kubera gutanga ruswa n'ibindi. Usibye abaca iyo nzira, IGIHE yamenye ko hari n'abaca muri Qatar na Brésil.
Twabajije ingorane abajya muri uru rugendo bahura nazo, benshi bahuriza ku kuba usibye kuba umuntu yabura ubuzima, abantu basubizwa inyuma bakabuzwa kwinjira muri Amerika, bamwe bakajya gushakira ubundi buryo muri Mexique.
