Ibyaha nyambukiranyamipaka n'ibyaha mpuzamahanga bigenda byiyongera kubera ikoranabuhanga ryamaze kwigarurira imibereho ya muntu, ababikoze bagahungira aho batabazi kugira ngo batazabiryozwa.
Umuyobozi Mukuru w'Ishami rya Interpol mu Rwanda, Ngarambe Antoine yabwiye IGIHE ko mu uyu muryango washyizweho ngo uhangane n'ibyaha mpuzamahanga na nyambukiranyamipaka byari bitangiye kwiyongera.
Yavuze ko mu myaka 50 Interpol imaze mu Rwanda, igihugu cyashoboye gushyira ikoranabuhanga rihanitse ku mipaka yose yemewe ku buryo umuntu cyangwa ikinyabiziga kihanyuze inzego zose bireba kimenye niba bidashakishwa na Polisi Mpuzamahanga.
IGIHE: Interpol itandukanira he na Polisi y'imbere mu Gihugu cyangwa Ubugenzacyaha?
Ngarambe Antoine: Interpol ni umuryango w'ibihugu bifite polisi zifite amashami agenza ibyaha ndengamipaka, ikaba umuryango ushinzwe gufasha ibyo bihugu guhererekanya amakuru y'abanyabyaha. U Rwanda turi muri uwo muryango kuva tariki 19 Nzeri 1974, tukaba dufite ibyo dusanzwe dukora umunsi ku wundi.
Hari sisiteme ya i247 duhererekanyamo amakuru y'abanyabyaha kugira ngo bashakishwe cyangwa kugira ngo tubashake. Ariko si byo byonyine, harimo ibintu bitatu dukora, ari byo gucunga ayo makuru, ni ukuvuga kuyakira no kuyohereza arimo ayo gusaba ubufasha bushingiye ku bugenzacyaha, ari yo kuvuga ibikorwa bifitiye inyungu abanyamuryango cyangwa gutanga amakuru afasha abanyamuryango.
Iriya sisiteme idufasha kugenzura ku mipaka niba abinjira n'abasohoka badashakishwa na Interpol. Dushakisha abantu cyangwa imodoka cyangwa ibyangombwa byatakaye cyangwa byibwe.
Icya gatatu ni ugushyira amakuru muri sisiteme [data base] ya Interpol. Iyo dufite amakuru y'abanyabyaha bashakishwa, ibyangombwa bishakishwa, imodoka yibwe, iyo dufite umuntu dushaka kurangisha yaba ari umwana cyangwa umuntu mukuru ariko ku mpamvu zitandukanye yabuze ni hariya muri sisiteme.
IGIHE: Interpol yashinzwe ite, hanyuma igera mu Rwanda ite?
Ngarambe: Interpol ubwayo yatangiye mu 1924, ariko ibihugu byari bikeya. Yagiye ikura kugeza aho u Rwanda rwinjiriyemo mu 1974. Yagiriyeho kugira ngo inzego za polisi cyane cyane iz'ubugenzacyaha zishobore gukurikirana ibyaha ndengamipaka.
Iyo icyaha cyakorerwaga mu gihugu kimwe, umunyacyaha agahungira mu kindi gihugu byabaga bigoye kugira ngo umugenzacyaha w'icyo gihugu ajye mu kindi gukurikiranayo umunyabyaha, bashyiraho umuryango kugira ngo bifashanye.
Byageze mu 1974 u Rwanda rusanga rukeneye kuba umunyamuryango kugira ngo rwungukire mu byiza byawo ariko na rwo rutange umusanzu. Rwifashisha wa murango mu gukurikirana abanyabyaha batuye mu Rwanda cyangwa se b'Abanyarwanda, rugafasha na bya bihugu gukurikirana abanyabyaha bahungiye mu Rwanda kuko u Rwanda ntabwo rushaka kuba indiri y'ibibi, kandi akazi turagakora kuva icyo gihe kugeza uyu munsi, turafata tukabasubizayo, barabafata bakabaduha.
Ni ibiki mwishimira mu myaka 50 ishize Interpol ikorera mu Rwanda?
Interpol mu Rwanda yatangiye ari itsinda rito, igera aho iba agashami, hanyuma iba ishami ubwo RIB yashingwaga, itakiri CID yari muri Polisi, Interpol yavuye muri Polisi igeze ku rwego rw'ishami. Ni ikintu cyo kwishimira ku buryo n'uyu munsi muri RIB ni ishami, ariko mu bindi bihugu usanga ari itsinda rito.
Urwego rwarakuze kubera ibyo rwakoze kandi rukomeza gukora, ku byo imariye u Rwanda kandi imariye n'amahanga. Yakoze ibikorwa byinshi…twagiye dufata mu bihe bitandukanye abantu benshi, imodoka ziba zibwe mu bihugu zikaza kugurishwa n'abantu baza gutura mu Rwanda cyangwa se ugasanga baje mu Rwanda gusa gutembera twareba muri sisiteme tugasanga izo modoka zaribwe tukazifata, tukazisubiza ba nyirazo mu buryo buteganyijwe n'amategeko rero kuva icyo gihe kugeza uyu munsi imibare igenda izamuka.
Ariko ngarutse ku mibare ndashaka kuvuga ko wafata umuntu umwe ku mwaka, wafata imodoka imwe ku mwaka, igikomeye ni uko igihe umuntu ushakishwa yageze mu Rwanda hari uburyo bwo kumumenya no kumufata ku buryo njye sinza kwirata ngo imibare ni myinshi cyangwa ngo mbabare ngo imibare ni mikeya ndashimishwa nuko icyo gihe cyose ubushobozi bwo kubashakisha no kubafata bwagiye bwiyongera.
Kuva mu 2016 kugeza muri Kanama 2024, twafashe imodoka 49 zari zibwe mu bihugu by'amahanga zigezwa mu Rwanda, muri zo 41 zasubijwe benezo. Izo tugitegereje ko ibihugu biza kuzitwara ni umunani zirimo iyo muri Tanzania, Afurika y'Epfo, ebyiri zibwe muri Canada n'iyibwe muri Suede.
Kuva mu 2022 kuza muri Kanama 2024 kandi twafashe pasiporo zibwe cyangwa zatakaye 28, zihabwa ambasade zigashyikirizwa ibihugu. Ni mu gihe abantu twanohereje muri Libya, Leta Zunzwe Ubumwe z'Abarabu, u Burundi n'ahandi mu gihe abo u Rwanda rwohererejwe binyuze mu bufatanye na Interpol harimo abavuye muri Uganda, Suede, u Bwongereza, n'u Bufaransa.
Interpol ubu ni umuryango mugari kurusha Loni kuko ubu yo igeze ku bihugu 196.
Bigenda bite ngo umuntu cyangwa ikintu gishakishwa mubibone bikigera ku mupaka?
Sisiteme ya Interpol yahujwe n'iy'Urwego rw'Abinjira n'Abasohoka, ihuzwa n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Imisoro n'Amahoro, ndetse ni umwihariko mu bihugu bya Afurika, ndetse tukaba turi no muri bike mu bihugu byo mu Isi byabashije guhuza izo sisiteme ku buryo utambutse agaragara, igitambutse nk'imodoka ishakishwa igaragara.
Hari imodoka ziba zaribwe muri Afurika y'Epfo zikaza zitwawe zikazafatirwa mu Rwanda. Igituma batazifatira ahandi ni ukubera bwa bushobozi bwo kugenzura no guhuza sisiteme bitabayeho.
Interpol igira ruhare ki mu gukurikirana abanyabyaha u Rwanda rwamenye ko bihishe mu mahanga?
Igihe ubugenzacyaha bwacu bukurikiranye undi muntu bashobora kubinyuza mu nzira za dipolomasi bikagenda ariko wenda bigafata n'igihe kirenze icyo byari gufata iyo bakoresha ibiro bya Interpol byihutisha iyo mikoranire.
Iyo hari umunyacyaha ushakishwa n'u Rwanda mu kindi gihugu, aho ubugenzacyaha cyangwa inzego z'ubutabera zacu zivugana n'iz'ikindi gihugu kandi birakorwa haba mu Butaliyani, mu Bufaransa, Suede, Australia, izo ni ingero za vuba aho igihugu cyacu cyagiye gikorana n'ibyo bihugu kugira ngo bashake uburyo bwo gufata abanyabyaha bari muri ibyo bihugu.
Akantu batajya bavuga ni uko buri gihugu gifite uburenganzira bwo gufatanya n'icyagisabye cyangwa kudafatanya nacyo. Interpol ntabwo ari umuryango ufite iyo nshingano inshingano ku buryo uhana igihugu cyarenze ku byo cyiyemeje.
U Rwanda rutanga musanzu ki mu muryango mugari wa Interpol
Uretse akazi ko gushakisha abanyabyaha, ibyangombwa cyangwa imodoka byatakaye cyanwga byibwe, u Rwanda rufasha umuryango mugari wa Interpol ruwuha abakozi cyangwa inzobere zo kujya mu biro byo mu karere cyangwa mpuzamahanga kugira ngo rutange inkunga yarwo kuko bariya bakora hariya baba bakorera Interpol y'Akarere cyangwa ku cyicaro gikuru.
Dufite babiri bakorera i Nairobi, dufite abakozi babiri i Lyon (ku cyicaro gikuru) ndetse n'umwe aheruka kuva muri Singapore kuko na ho hari icyicaro cya Interpol gishinzwe ibyaha bikorerwa ku ikoranabuhanga, yewe dufite n'undi ku cyicaro gikuru cya Interpol i New York muri Loni.
Ibyo byerekana ko u Rwanda rushaka gufatanya n'ibindi guharanira Isi izira ibyaha, kuko abakozi baho bahembwa n'igihugu. Rero iyo u Rwanda rutanze abakozi batanu kujya gukorera Interpol ni inkunga ikomeye mu mafaranga, no mu bushobozi bw'abakozi kuko ni inararibonye.
Ni abahe banyabyaha u Rwanda rusaba ibindi bihugu guta muri yombi?
Twebwe abenshi barenga 1000 ni abakoze Jenoside dusaba ko bata muri yombi, abandi ni ibyaha bisanzwe…kubera ko ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere, ubu abantu bakora ibyaha babikora bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga ari na ho uzasanga umuntu uri mu gihugu A ari gutegura icyaha afatanyije n'abari mu gihugu B bakazajya gukora icyaha mu gihugu C.
Ni iki gituma ibihugu bigenda biguru ntege mu guta muri yombi abashakishwa?
Imbogamizi ishobora kuba ari amategeko agenga ibyo bihugu. Hari ibihugu aho kugira ngo bifate wa muntu wagaragajwe ko ashakishwa bisa no gutangira dosiye bundi bushya, bakavuga bati muduhe ikirego cye kuber amategeko yo muri icyo gihugu ashaka kubahiriza uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu kugira ngo babere ko ikirecyo cyakozwe hubahirijwe ibisabwa byose.
Hari dosiye imwe yakorewe mu Budage, yatwaye Abadage miliyoni 3 z'amayero mu gihe cy'umwaka bayikoraho iperereza kugira ngo bemeze ko umuntu u Rwanda rwashakishaga bifite ishingiro. Urumva ko bishingiye ku mategeko yabo, ku mikorere yabo. Iyo dosiye yari ukuri kuko uwo muntu yaratanzwe.
Rero hari ubwo birinda gukurikirana amadosiye yose y'abantu bashakishwa mu gihugu cyabo kuko biraza kubahenda cyane, noneho bakavuga bati reka dukuremo imwe ikomeye ku buryo tuyisoje byanagaragara ko dufite ubushake.
Iyo ni imwe mu mpamvu ariko hashobora kuba hari n'izindi za politike, kuko hari bamwe bagiye bamenyekana aho bari n'ibitangazamakuru bikabavuga ariko ntibafatwe n'ubwo byaje kugera aho bagafatwa.
Mukora iki ngo abakoze ibyaha ndengamipaka batabwe muri yombi?
Twebwe ntabwo dukora nk'ubugenzacyaha, ahubwo tubufasha gushaka ibimenyetso. Iyo kanaka aregwa ibyaha ndengamipaka byaba ibyakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ukumva ngo yari muri Hong Kong cyangwa se mu gihugu cy'amahanga, yagiye mu ikoranabuhanga ahindura imyirondoro yinjira mu mabanga, bikaza kugaragara aho yari ari tworohereza urwego rushinzwe kugenza ibyaha gukorana n'aho icyaha bikeka ko cyakorewe kugira ngo badufashe kubona ibimenyetso bishobora kudufasha.
Hari umuntu wo mu gihugu cya Afurika wakoreye icyaha muri Aziya agikorana n'umunyarwanda, baza kwihisha mu Rwanda, biza kugaragara ko abo bantu bakwiriye gukurikiranwa hano mu Rwanda, twaje gukorana n'icyo gihugu cya Aziya kugira ngo kidufashe kubona ibindi bimenyetso by'icyaha cyakorewe hariya kugira ngo bibafashe gushinja no guhana ba bantu bahungiye mu Rwanda.
Ese u Rwanda ruhagaze he mu gushakisha abakekwaho ibyaha bahahungira?
U Rwanda ruri hejuru cyane mu rwego rwo gushakisha abanyabyaha mu gihe bakoresha imipaka yacu binjira cyangwa basohoka. Turi ku isonga y'ibihugu byinshi mu Isi kubera ubushobozi igihugu cyashoboye kugena kugira ngo kirinde umutekano. Hari abanyabyaha benshi batazi ko bashobora gufatwa kubera ko bashobora kuva mu bihugu bya kure bataboneka bagera mu Rwanda tukababona. Duhagaze neza kandi tuzakomeza tubungabunge ubwo bushobozi Leta ikomeza kuduha kugira ngo turinde igihugu.
Kugira ngo umuntu agaragare mu bashakishwa ni uko aba yarashyizwe mu bubiko bw'amakuru [database] namwe mukaba mwamushakishije. Nta muntu winjira ku butaka bw'u Rwanda, usohoka, nta modoka yinjira ku butaka bw'u Rwanda, cyangwa isokoka itagenzuwe mu bubiko bw'amakuru bwa Interpol. Ibyo rero biduha imibare yo hejuru yo gushakisha mu bubiko bwa Interpol ugereranyije n'ibihugu byose bya Afurika. N'ikidukurikira usanga harimo nk'intera ya 60%.
Ko hari abantu bitiranwa amazina yose ubwo ntihari abo bashobora kwibeshyaho?
Hari ubwo ushobora kuza witwa Ngarambe Antoine ushakishwa wavutse mu 1970, hagatambuka uwavutse mu 1978. Hari ubwo bigaragara ukagira ngo arabonetse ariko ugasanga batandukanye ku myaka. Twashyizeho uburyo bwo kubazanya tuti ko twari twabonye yabonetse byagenze bite? Bakaguha ibisobanuro ariko uba wabimenye. Icyo gihe ni uburyo bwo kugira ngo tunoze kandi dukorere hamwe.
Mu rwego rwo kureba amamodoka yinjira n'asokoa ko atari ayo bibye, hari amabwiriza y'uko imodoka igiye kuva mu Rwanda burundu tuyiha icyemezo cy'uko idashakishwa. Abaturage bazaga hano, ariko ubu twayishyize ku Irembo kugira ngo tuborohereze. Imazeho icyumweru.
Dushaka kandi kubwira abanyarwanda bashaka kugura imodoka hanze bajye batubaza nta kiguzi ko imodoka bagiye kugura cyane cyane izakoreshejwe zitibwe kugira ngo uburangare butabateza igihombo. Hari igihe umuntu agura imodoka yakoze yayigeza ku mupaka bakavuga bati irashakishwa bakayifata bakayisubiza ba nyirayo.
Ni ikiye cyerekezo cya Interpol mu Rwanda mu myaka iri imbere?
Twifuza kubakira ku byo twagezeho, tugakomeza gukora neza dutanga serivisi nziza nk'uko twatangiye kuzitanga twifashishije ikoranabuhanga, tworohereza abaturage batugana.
N'izindi serivisi dutanga tuzagerageza ku buryo zorohera abaturage kuzigeraho. Turifuza gukomeza kuzamura ikoranabuhanga ryacu ku mipaka mu rwego rwo kurushaho gutahura abashakishwa kubera ibyaha.
Ubu kugira ngo turebe ko umuntu ashakishwa dushyiramo amazina ye, pasiporo tugashyiramo nimero zayo n'imodoka ni uko. Mu gihe kiri imbere turashaka ko tuzabona ibikoresho bituma dukoresha ibikumwe ndetse tukanarenzaho tukanakoresha ibyuma bitahura isura y'umuntu kugira ngo turebe ko uwo muntu ari we ushakishwa.
