Muri gahunda ya Guverinoma yo kwihutisha iterambere, NST2, byitezwe ko uru rwego ruzajya ruzamuka ku kigero cya 6% ku mwaka, umusaruro ukaziyongeraho 50% mu myaka itanu iri imbere.
Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, birasaba imbaraga z'inzego zose, kuva kuri Leta n'abikorera ndetse n'abandi bafatanyabikorwa. Birasaba kandi gushaka ibisubizo ku bibazo uruhuri bikiri muri uru rwego byiganjemo ibishingiye ku ihindagurika ry'ikirere, kubona igishoro ku bahinzi n'ibindi.
None ni gute ibi bibazo byabonerwa ibisubizo? Hari abatekereza ko gushyiraho banki yihariye, ishinzwe kufasha uru rwego gutera imbere, bishobora kurufasha kugera ku ntego ziteganyijwe, nk'uko hariho Umwalimu SACCO ishinzwe gufasha abarimu.
Banki nk'izi zisanzweho mu bihugu bya Afurika nka Nigeria na Kenya, ari naho zagize uruhare rufatika mu guteza imbere urwego rw'ubuhinzi muri rusange.
Iyi banki yaba igisubizo?
Mu gushaka gusubiza iki kibazo, IGIHE yaganiriye n'abahanga mu by'ubuhinzi ndetse n'abashakashatsi mu rwego rw'ubuhinzi bakomoka mu bihugu izi banki zagizemo uruhare rufatika nka Nigeria na kenya ndetse no mu Rwanda.
Kuri Jean Paul Ndagijimana, Umuyobozi wa AGRA, Ishami ry'u Rwanda, asanga gushyiraho banki yihariye ishinzwe ubuhinzi bidahagije mu gukemura ibibazo biri mu buhinzi.
Ati 'Ntabwo ari cyo gisubizo kirambye, n'ibihugu byinshi ntabwo bigira banki z'ubuhinzi, ahubwo ni igikenewe ni ukureba uburyo banki zihari ubu zikorana n'abahinzi. Kuko nk'ubu urebye, 6% by'inguzanyo zose zitangwa nizo zijya mu buhinzi, bigaragara ko hari ikintu kitagenda neza.'
Yavuze ko ubufatanye bwa Leta n'abikorera ari byo bikenewe, ati 'Birasaba gufatanya n'abikorera bari mu buhinzi na banki zibaha inguzanyo, twese hamwe tukareba uburyo twakoroshya ibyo bintu, kuko buri ruhande rufite uburyo rwifuza ko ibintu bigendamo kugira ngo intego ihuriweho igerweho.'
Iki gitekerezo agihuriyeho na Michael Misiko, Umuyobozi wa The Nature Conservancy muri Afurika, uyu ukaba Umuryango ushinzwe kurengera ibiti n'amazi hagamijwe kubibungabunga.
Misiko ni Umunya-Kenya uzobereye mu buhinzi ndetse akaba yarabaye mu Rwanda igihe kinini kuva mu 2003, aho yazengurutse mu bice byinshi by'igihugu agenzura ibijyanye n'ubuhinzi.
Nawe yemera ko iyi banki idashobora gukemura ibibazo byose biri mu buhinzi, icyakora akavuga ko ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umusemburo wo gutangira kubikemura, ifashijwe n'izindi nzego.
Yavuze ko kugira ngo iyi banki itange umusaruro ukenewe, inshingano zayo zidakwiriye kugarukira ku gutanga inguzanyo gusa, ahubwo zikwiriye kwaguka zikagera no ku bindi bibazo bibangamiye ubuhinzi.
Ati 'Banki nk'izo ntizikwiriye gusa kureba ku kibazo cy'inguzanyo ku bahinzi, ahubwo zikwiriye no kureba ku bindi byose abahinzi bakeneye kugira ngo batange umusaruro. Ibyo bishobora kuba kubafasha kubaka ibikorwaremezo, kubafasha kugira ubumenyi n'ibindi bituma ubuhinzi bwabo muri rusange butanga umusaruro.'
Yongeyeho ko 'Banki ubwayo si igisubizo ku bibazo byose biri mu buhinzi, ariko banki ishobora gukoreshwa mu gushaka ibisubizo ku bibazo byinshi biri mu buhinzi. Gutanga amafaranga gusa wirengagije ubumenyi bw'abayakoresha ntacyo byahindura, cyangwa inzira inyuramo umusaruro, cyangwa kubona amasoko bakeneye.'
Ibyago by'igihombo ni imbogamizi ikomeye ku buhinzi
Kuri Ndagijimana, avuga ko nubwo iyi banki itakwirirwa ijyaho, Leta ikwiriye kwita ku gushaka igisubizo ku kibazo cy'ibyago biri mu rwego rw'ubuhinzi, kuko ari nabyo bituma banki z'ubucuruzi zirugendera kure.
Ati 'Igikenewe ni ukugabanya ibyago biri mu rwego rw'ubuhinzi. Ubuhinzi bugendera ku kirere, kandi ikirere kirahindagurika. Leta y'u Rwanda yagize neza gushyiraho ubwishingizi mu rwego rw'ubuhinzi.'
Yavuze ko hanakwiriye ubufatanye bwa leta na banki, kugira ngo inguzanyo zihabwa abahinzi zigabanyirizwe inyungu ku kigero gifatika.
Ati 'Ikindi cy'ingenzi ni ukugabanya inyungu zishyirwa ku nguzanyo zijya mu buhinzi, ntabwo umuntu ugiye gucuruza n'umuntu ugiye mu buhinzi bakwiriye gutanga inyungu zingana ku nguzanyo za banki.'
Ibi kandi nabyo bikwiriye kujyanwa n'imyishyurire, igomba kuba ijyanye n'imiterere y'urwego rw'ubuhinzi, aho kuba uburyo banki zisanzwe zishyuzamo inguzanyo. Banki zikunze kwishyuza inguzanyo nyuma y'igihe runaka gihoraho, gusa ntibijyanye n'ubuhinzi kuko umusaruro uboneka mu gihe kimwe, biryo kwishyura mu buryo buhoraho bikaba bishobora kugorana.
Ati 'Ikindi ni imyishyurire. Banki iyo iguhaye amafaranga uhita utangira kwishyura, ariko umuhinzi yeza nyuma y'igihe runaka. Ibyo byose tubikemuye byadufasha.'
Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko imikorere ya BDF nayo ikwiriye kuvugururwa, ku buryo uruhare rwayo rushobora gufasha abahinzi benshi kubona inguzanyo bakishingirwa.
Ku rundi ruhande, Dr. Mel Oluoch ukomoka muri Nigeria, asanga ari ingenzi cyane ko leta za Afurika zigabanya gukoresha amafaranga ya banki z'imbere mu bihugu, kuko bituma banki z'ubucuruzi zisigarana amafaranga make, ntizite ku gushora ku nzego nk'ubuhinzi zikirimo ibyago byinshi byo guhomba.
Ati 'Leta za Afurika ziri kugaragaza ubushake bwo kubona amafaranga aturutse muri banki z'imbere mu gihugu binyuze mu kugurisha impapuro mpeshamwenda. Iri ni ishoramari ryiza kuri banki ryunguka neza kandi inyungu nini.'
Yongeyeho ati 'Ikibazo ni uko iyo banki zishoyemo amafaranga menshi muri izo mpapuro, bituma zitakaza ubushobozi bwo gushora mu yindi mishinga irimo ijyanye n'ubuhinzi kuko ibyago byo guhomba ari byinshi.'
Yavuze ko leta ikwiriye gushishikariza banki z'ubucuruzi gushaka ibisubizo biri mu bibazo by'ubukungu bw'ibihugu bya Afurika, ubuhinzi bukaba mu by'ibanze.
Source : http://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/u-rwanda-rwaba-rukeneye-banki-yihariye-y-ubuhinzi
