Mu gushaka umuti urambye w'iki kibazo, abakuru b'ibihugu byo mu muryango wa Afurika y'Iburasirazuba mu 2022 bafashe icyemezo cy'uko imitwe yo mu mahanga iba muri RDC igomba gusubira mu bihugu ikomokamo, bitaba ibyo ikarwanywa.
Gusubira muri ibyo bihugu, bivuze gushyira intwaro hasi, niba ari abagize FDLR bakinjira mu Rwanda, bagashyirwa muri gahunda zigenewe abahoze mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro. Gusa ibyo ntibikuyeho ko abakoze ibyaha, baba bagomba kubiryozwa.
Muri rusange, RDC ikoreramo imitwe yitwaje intwaro irenga 250, yiganjemo ifite ibirindiro bihoraho mu burasirazuba bw'iki gihugu. Muri yo harimo umunani y'inyamahanga, ikorera mu Ntara ya Kivu y'Amajyaruguru n'iy'Amajyepfo.
Nyuma yo gusoma raporo zitandukanye zirebana n'umutekano wo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC no kuzisesengura, tugiye kugaruka kuri imwe muri iyo mitwe ibangamiye umutekano w'u Rwanda.
FDLR/FOCA
FDLR/FOCA (Les Forces Démocratique de Libération du Rwanda / Forces Combattantes Abacunguzi) ni umwe mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro ifite imbaraga muri RDC, ndetse ufatwa nk'intandaro y'umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba bw'iki gihugu no mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari.
Uyu mutwe washinzwe mu 2000 n'Abanyarwanda barimo abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 bari mu mutwe w'Interahamwe no mu ngabo zatsinzwe (Ex-FAR). Ukomoka kuri ALiR, na yo ikomoka kuri RDR; imitwe yombi yavugaga ko iharanira gucyura Abanyarwanda bahungiye muri RDC.
Abarwanyi ba FDLR nk'uko izina ryayo ribisobanura, bavuga ko bafite umugambi wo gufata u Rwanda baturutse mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC; igihugu bakoreyemo ibyaha bitandukanye byatumye imiryango mpuzamahanga ifatira ibihano abayobozi bayo.
FDLR iyobowe na Ntawunguka Pacifique alias 'Gen Omega' ku rwego rwa gisirikare. Ubu yifatanya n'Ingabo za RDC mu ntambara yo kurwanya undi mutwe wa M23 mu Ntara ya Kivu y'Amajyaruguru. Ihabwa kandi ubufasha na Leta ya RDC burimo imyitozo ya gisirikare, intwaro n'amafaranga.
CNRD-Ubwiyunge
Conseil National pour le Renouveau et la Démocratie (CNRD), ni umutwe witwaje intwaro urwanya Leta y'u Rwanda washinzwe na Wilson Irategeka, ubwo yiyomoraga kuri FDLR muri Gicurasi 2016, nyuma yo kutumvikana n'abayobozi ba FDLR.
Abarwanyi ba CNRD Ubwiyunge bafite ibirindiro mu Ntara ya Kivu y'Amajyepfo bumvikanaga bahanganye na bagenzi babo bo muri FDLR bayoborwaga na Sylvestre Mudacumura mu minsi yakurikiye gutandukana kwabo.
Hari abarwanyi ba CNRD bari barasigaye muri Kivu y'Amajyaruguru ariko ubwo bashyirwagaho igitutu n'Ingabo za RDC na FDLR, basanze bagenzi babo muri teritwari ya Kalehe na Fizi muri Kivu y'Amajyepfo.
Ibikorwa by'Ingabo za RDC mu 2019 byiswe 'Sokola' byashegeshe bikomeye umutwe wa CNRD, abarwanyi bayo benshi bafatwa mpiri, boherezwa mu Rwanda, abandi baricwa. Irategeka we icyo gihe yaburiwe irengero.
Nyuma yo gusa n'iyasenyutse, abarwanyi bake ba CNRD barokotse ibitero by'ingabo za RDC biyunze ku mutwe wa FLN umaze igihe mu ishyamba rya Kibira mu Burundi, ubu bakorera mu bihugu byombi.
RUD-Urunana
RUD-Urunana (Rassemblement pour Unité et Democratie-Urunana) ni umutwe washinzwe n'abarwanyi biyomoye kuri FDLR-FOCA mu 2007, nyuma y'amakimbirane bagiranye n'ubuyobozi bwa FDLR-FOCA, ashingiye ku kugabana amafaranga yinjiza.
Ndibabaje Jean-Damascène alias Musare ni we washinze uyu mutwe. Icyo gihe yari afite abarwanyi babarirwaga mu magana, bagenzuraga Sheferi ya Bwisha na Bwito muri teritwari ya Rutshuru.
Intege za RUD Urunana zaracitse, yiyunga kuri FDLR-FOCA, bitangira gukorana hamwe n'indi mitwe ya Nyatura igizwe n'Abanye-Congo b'Abahutu mu bikorwa byibasira abasivili muri Kivu y'Amajyaruguru.
Muri Gashyantare 2016, Musare yapfuye urupfu rw'amayobera, asimburwa na Afurika Jean Michel. Icyakoze Abanye-Congo basobanura ko ari umusaruro w'amakimbirane yatutumbye hagati y'imitwe y'Abahutu niy'Aba-Nande
Ubwo Afurika yayoboraga ni bwo RUD Urunana yagabye igitero mu Karere ka Musanze mu Ukwakira 2019, cyatwaye ubuzima bw'Abanyarwanda 14, abandi benshi barakomereka.
Mu Ugushyingo 2019, Afurika yiciwe mu bitero by'Ingabo za RDC byiswe Sokola, Nshimiyimana Cassien alias Gavana na we wari mu bayobozi bakuru ba RUD Urunana yicwa mu Ukuboza 2022.
RUD Urunana ivugwaho gukorana n'Umutwe wa RNC washinzwe na Kayumba Nyamwasa na FLN ifite ibirindiro mu ishyamba rya Kibira mu Burundi.
Nyatura CMC
Imitwe ya Nyatura ivuga ko irwanirira uburenganzira bw'Abanye-Congo bo mu bwoko bw'Abahutu. Ikomoka ku mutwe wa PARECO, na wo ukomoka ku ishyirahamwe ry'abahinzi ryamenyekanye nka MAGRIVI (La Mutuelle des Agricultureurs de Virunga).
Nyatura na FDLR bihuje ingengabitekerezo yo kwanga Abatutsi bose aho bava bakagera, ndetse iyi mitwe ikunze kwifatanya mu bikorwa bigamije guhungabanya umutekano wo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC n'akarere.
Mu gihe imitwe ya Nyatura ikomeje kwifatanya n'ingabo za RDC mu kurwanya M23, yagiye yumvikana yigamba ko ifite umugambi wo gutera u Rwanda, irushinja kwinjira ku butaka bw'Abanye-Congo.
Nyatura igize ihuriro Wazalendo kuva mu 2022, aho bifatanya n'ingabo za Leta kurwanya M23.
FDC-Guides
Izina ry'uyu mutwe rituruka ku ruhare abarwanyi bawo bagize nk'abahigaga ingabo z'u Rwanda n'iza Congo mu 2011 mu bitero byo guhashya FDLR.
Abarwanyi bawo, ntibashakaga ko umutwe wa FDLR urwanywa.
Uyu mutwe waje guhinduka uwitwaje intwaro wihariye ufata izina ry'Ingabo zo kurinda Congo 'Forces de défense du Congo (FDC), uyoborwa na Butu Luanda, Charles Mbura, n'undi uzwi nka Madragul. Bakoranaga n'abarwanyi baturuka mu ba Tembo n'aba-Hunde bari bafite ibirindiro hagati ya teritwari ya Masisi na Walikale.
Mu 2013, bamwe mu barwanyi b'uyu mutwe bariyomoye bashinga uwitwa Mouvement acquis au changement (Guides-MAC) uyoborwa na Mbura. Uyu mutwe wa FDC-Guides uyobowe na Butu Luanda ukaba uri mu bikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro muri teritwari ya Masisi.
P5/RNC
P5 ni ihuriro ry'imitwe yitwaje intwaro y'Abanyarwanda ifite umugambi wo guhungabanya umutekano w'u Rwanda. Ikomoka ku mashyaka nka RNC (Rwanda National Congress), Amahoro PC, FDU-Inkingi na PS-Imberakuri igice cya Ntaganda Bernard. PDI -Imanzi yo yitandukanyije na ryo mu 2019.
Iri huriro ryatangiye ibikorwa mu burasirazuba bwa RDC mu 2017, rishakisha abarwanyi mu nkambi z'impunzi zitandukanye mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari kugira ngo zirifashe kugera ku mugambi waryo.
Mu Ukuboza 2017, Polisi ya Uganda n'iya Tanzania zataye muri yombi impunzi 40 ziganjemo urubyiruko zari zijyanywe mu myitozo ya P5 muri RDC, abarimo Maj (Rtd) Habib Mudathiru bari mu bayobozi bakuru bayo bafatwa mu 2019, ariko ibikorwa by'iri huriro ntibyahagaze.
Amakuru agera kuri IGIHE avuga ko muri Nzeri 2024, Kayumba yagiye i Kinshasa guhura n'abayobozi bakuru ba FDLR, kugira ngo bifatanye mu mugambi wo guhungabanya umutekano w'u Rwanda.
FLN
Umutwe wa FLN watangiye kugaba ibitero mu Majyepfo y'Uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda mu 2018, uturutse mu ishyamba rya Kibira ndetse wanavuzweho gukorana na Leta y'u Burundi.
Uyu mutwe uyoborwa na Hakizimana Antoine alias Jeva wacitse intege ubwo abayobozi bakuru bawo barimo Paul Rusesabagina na Major Callixte Sankara batabwaga muri yombi, wiyungura inama yo kujya gukorana na CNRD muri Kivu y'Amajyepfo.
Ubu bufatanye bwatangiye mu gihe CNRD na yo yari imeze nk'iyasenyutse, nyuma y'ibitero bikomeye yagabweho n'ingabo za RDC mu mpera za 2019, byatumye abenshi mu bari bayigize bataha mu Rwanda.
FLN iracyakorera mu ishyamba rya Kibira i Burundi no muri teritwari ya Kalehe na Fizi muri Kivu y'Amajyepfo. Umugambi wayo ni ugutera uguhungabanya umutekano w'u Rwanda.
ADF
ADF (Allied Democratic Forces) ni umutwe w'iterabwoba washinzwe n'abarwanya ubutegetsi bwa Uganda mu 1995, nyuma y'umwaka umwe uza kwimukira mu burasirazuba bwa RDC ubwo warushwaga imbaraga n'ingabo za Uganda.
Ibikorwa by'iterabwoba bya ADF byumvikana cyane muri teritwari ya Irumu mu ntara ya Ituri no muri teritwari ya Beni muri Kivu y'Amajyaruguru.
Raporo ya Loni igaragaza ko mu bantu 663 biciwe muri Ituri na Kivu y'Amajyaruguru hagati ya tariki ya 20 Kamena kugeza ku ya 19 Nzeri 2024, ADF yishemo 342.
Kuva mu Ugushyingo 2021, ingabo za Uganda n'iza RDC zatangiye ibikorwa bihuriweho byo kurwanya ADF, ariko bigaragara ko ugifite imbaraga, ukesha inkunga ukusanyirizwa n'umutwe wa Islamic State uzwi ku rindi zina rya Daesh.
Mu Ukwakira 2021, Urwego rw'Igihugu rw'Ubugenzacyaha rwemeje ko ku bufatanye n'inzego z'umutekano hafashwe abantu 13 muri Kanama na Nzeri, bakekwaho gukorana n'umutwe w'iterabwoba wa ADF mu mugambi wo gutera ibisasu ahantu hatandukanye mu mujyi wa Kigali.
Icyo RIB yanafashe ibintu bitandukanye byagombaga kwifashishwa mu gukora ibisasu birimo imisumari, insinga, intambi na za sim card.
Ibi byashimangiwe na raporo y'impuguke z'Umuryango w'Abibumbye, yagaragaje ko uyu mugambi wari uyobowe na Meddie Nkalubo wari mu barwanyi bakomeye muri ADF, wohereje mu Rwanda uwitwa Omar Farouk alias Adam Nyange.
Uyu Nyange ngo yagombaga kwifatanya n'Umunyarwanda Ismael Niyonshuti winjiye muri ADF muri Werurwe 2021, bagashyira mu bikorwa uyu mugambi.
