Sudani y'Epfo yabaye igihugu yiyomoye kuri Sudani nyuma y'imyaka irenga 20 hari intambara y'urudaca, yasize ubuzima bw'abaturage buhatikiriye, ibikorwaremezo bigasenywa, ndetse n'abandi baturage benshi bakava mu byabo.
Byinshi muri ibyo bibazo byibasiye icyo gihugu n'ubu biracyahari, nyuma y'imyaka 13 Sudani y'Epfo ibaye igihugu cyigenga.
Sudani y'Epfo ni igihugu cya 18 mu bunini muri Afurika kuko ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 644.329. Gikubye u Rwanda inshuro 24 mu bunini. Umurwa Mukuru wacyo ni Juba. Mu miterere yayo, ni igihugu kijya kumera nk'u Rwanda kuko kidakora ku nyanja.
Mu Majyaruguru gihana imbibi na Sudani, mu Burasirazuba hari Ethiopia, mu Majyepfo hari Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Uganda na Kenya mu gihe mu Burengerazuba hari Centrafrique.
Gifite amoko y'abaturage arenga 60 ariko muri ayo yose, atatu ni yo afite ubwiganze mu bikorwa byinshi. Harimo iryitwa Dinka, ari naryo Perezida uyobora iki gihugu, Salva Kiir, akomokamo. Andi moko afite ubwiganze mu mibereho y'iki gihugu ni iry'aba-Nuer n'aba-Luo.
Intambara ishingiye ku moko n'ubwumvikane buke mu bayobozi bakuru b'igihugu, yatumye ibintu bifata indi ntera, biba bibi cyane ubwo Perezida Salva Kiir yashinjaga uwari Visi Perezida we, Riek Machar gushaka kumuhirika ku butegetsi.
Mu Ukuboza 2013, nibwo imirwano yakwiriye igihugu cyose, igihugu gicikamo ibice bibiri bitewe n'uwo buri wese ashyigikiye muri abo bayobozi babiri.
Aya makimbirane yongerewe ingufu n'umutungo kamere uturuka kuri peteroli iki gihugu cyibitse, cyane ko kugeza mu 2023, cyari gifite ubushobozi bwo gucukura utungunguru turenga ibihumbi 140 ku munsi.
Sosiyete zo mu Bushinwa no muri Malaysia, ni zimwe mu zigaragara cyane mu bucukuzi muri iki gihugu.
Amakimbirane yatumye impunzi ziba nyinshi
Sudani y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika bifite impunzi nyinshi. Kuva mu 2013, bibarwa ko abaturage bayo barenga miliyoni enye babaye impunzi. Miliyoni 2,2 bavuye mu ngo zabo burundu, bajya kuba mu nkambi hirya no hino.
Ubu buhunzi bwakubitanye n'inzara ndetse n'ibiza byagiye byibasira iki gihugu, bituma umubare w'abaturage ujya mu kaga wiyongera. Mu myaka 50 ishize, iki gihugu cyahuye n'ibizazane byo kugerwaho n'imvura nke, ku buryo ubushyuhe bwacyo bwiyongereyeho dogere celcius imwe.
Nibura 95% by'abaturage bishingikiriza ubuhinzi kugira ngo babone amaramuko. Gusa, hagati ya 2019 na 2022, imvura yaragabanutse bidasanzwe, n'aho iguye igateza imyuzure ku buryo abaturage batabona ibyo kurya nk'uko bari babyiteze.
Mu 2022, abaturage barenga miliyoni imwe bibasiwe n'umwuzure, ku buryo n'ubundi agace kari karimo umutekano muke, kabaye isibaniro ry'ibibazo, abaturage bakisanga mu makimbirane n'ibibazo bishingiye ku mihindagurikire y'ibihe.
NIbura 7% by'abaturage ba Sudani y'Epfo nibo bagerwaho n'umuriro w'amashanyarazi, ndetse 10% ni bo bonyine bagerwaho n'amazi meza.
Ingabo z'u Rwanda zihamaze igihe mu butumwa bwa Loni bwo kugarura amahoro
Loni yohereje Ingabo zayo mu butumwa bw'amahoro mu 2011. U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bya mbere byatanze umusanzu kuri ubu butumwa, rwoherezayo ingabo.
Magingo aya, u Rwanda ni cyo gihugu gifite ingabo nyinshi muri Sudani y'Epfo mu Butumwa bwa Loni. Ruhafite ingabo 2.575.
U Rwanda rufite batayo eshatu muri Sudani y'Epfo. Usibye abasirikare barwanira ku butaka bari muri Batayo ebyiri, u Rwanda rufite kandi n'Ingabo zibarizwa mu mutwe urwanira mu kirere.
Rwanbatt-1 (Batayo ya Mbere y'Ingabo z'u Rwanda) ibarizwa mu duce twa Tomping i Juba na Torit. Rwanbatt-2 yo iri mu bice bya Malakal na Bunj.
Rwabant-3 yo ibarizwa mu bice bya Durupi mu gihe Ingabo z'u Rwanda zirwanira mu kirere zifite ibirindiro mu gace ka Tomping na Malakal.
Kuva mu 2012, Ingabo z'u Rwanda usibye kurinda abaturage, zinagira uruhare mu bikorwa byo kwita ku mibereho myiza y'abaturage. Zimaze kugira uruhare mu bikorwa 84 byo gutera ibiti, ibikorwa 54 by'ubuvuzi, zagize uruhare kandi mu bikorwa 39 byo kugeza amazi ku baturage.
Ingabo z'u Rwanda kandi zigira uruhare muri gahunda zifasha abanyeshuri kubona ibikoresho by'ishuri, mu bikorwa by'imikino no guha ibikoresho by'imikino abanyeshuri, zigatanga rondereza, zikubaka uturima tw'igikoni n'ibindi.
Kimwe mu bikorwa byakozwe n'Ingabo z'u Rwanda muri Sudani y'Epfo, ni ishuri zubatse mu gace ka Kapuri.
Amateka yaryo ahera muri Gicurasi 2014, ubwo zari ku burinzi, zabonye abanyeshuri bari kwigira munsi y'igiti. Basubiye mu birindiro byabo, batanze icyifuzo cy'uko iryo shuri ryafashwa.
Imirimo yo kubaka yatangiye muri Nzeri uwo mwaka, ku bufatanye na UNICEF, Abanyarwanda baba muri Sudani y'Epfo n'abaturage bo mu gace ka Kapuri.
Rigizwe n'ibyumba umunani abanyeshuri bigiramo, ibyumba bibiri by'abakozi n'ubwiherero.
Muri Gashyantare 2015 nibwo ryashyikirijwe Guverinoma ya Sudani y'Epfo. Ryagombaga kuzura ritwaye ibihumbi 219$ ariko birangira ritwaye ibihumbi 79$ kubera uruhare rw'abantu b'ingeri zinyuranye.
Ryigamo abanyeshuri barenga 500.
