Ni ishuri riri ku buso bwa hegitari 1.300 ziriho inyubako, imirima ikoresha mu buhinzi n'ubworozi n'ibindi bijyanye n'amasomo ayitangirwamo. Buri mwaka ishuri rigomba kuba rifite abanyeshuri batarenze 250.
Rifite intego zo kwigisha urubyiruko rw'u Rwanda ubumenyi bugezweho bugamije guteza imbere ubuhinzi n'ubworozi bujyanye n'igihe.
Abahasoreza amasomo bahabwa impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu bijyanye n'ubuhinzi burengera ibidukikije [Conservation Agriculture], ariko buri umwe akaba afite icyiciro runaka cy'ubuhinzi cyangwa ubworozi yihuguyemo by'umwihariko.
Mu mwaka wa gatatu umunyeshuri ashobora guhitamo kuba inzobere mu bworozi [Animal Production], cyangwa ubuhinzi [Crop Production], gukoresha imashini mu buhinzi [Mechanization] ndetse no gutunganya no kongerera agaciro ibikomoka ku buhinzi [Food Processing].
Muri uyu mwaka kandi baba bagomba gukora imenyerezamwuga ry'amezi atandatu, muri cya gice umunyeshuri yahisemo kubamo inzobere.
Kugeza ubu abanyeshuri bo mu byiciro bibiri ni bo bamaze gushyikirizwa impamyabumenyi aho umwaka ushize hasoje abanyeshuri 75 mu gihe muri uyu mwaka hasoje abanyeshuri 81.
Umuyobozi Mukuru wa RICA, Dr. Ron Rosati, yagaragaje ko intego yabo ari ukugeza ku baturage binyuze mu banyeshuri babo cyangwa gahunda zabo, uko ubuhinzi bukorwa kinyamwuga bukongera umusaruro n'inyungu kandi hashowe make.
Ati 'Turifuza kubona ikwirakwizwa ry'ubuhinzi bwita ku bidukikije mu gihugu kuko bizongera inyungu mu buhinzi ariko kandi bikarushaho guteza imbere uburyo burambye bwo guhinga bushingiye ku kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ibi ni intego yacu nyamukuru kuko twifuza kubona ubu buryo bukoreshwa hose mu gihugu.'
Ubuhinzi budakenera isuka mu butaka
Kimwe mu byatunguye benshi ni umwihariko w'umuhinzi bubungabunga ibidukikije bwigishwa muri RICA.
Ubu ni ubuhinzi butangiza ubutaka bwibanda ku mahame atatu, aho irya imbere ari ukwirinda gucukura cyangwa guhingagura ubutaka cyane; iryo guhora wasasiye ubutaka aho igihingwa gihizwe utakirandura ahubwo ukagitereraho ikindi [Permanent crop cover] n'ihame rya gatatu ryo guhora usimburanya igihingwa [Crop protection].
Iri hame rya mbere ribuza umuhinzi kwifashisha isuka ahinga ahubwo agakoresha igikoresho cyabugenewe [n'umuhoro wabikora] agacukura umwobo muto cyane uhagiye kujyamo imbuto n'ifumbire.
Uku kudacukura ubutaka cyane bituma udusimba tuto cyane tubamo [micro-organism] tudapfa tugafasha mu gukora ifumbire karemano bikanafasha ubutaka kurumbuka ndetse tukanaba intungagihingwa.
Ihame rya kabiri rivuga ko iyo igihingwa gisaruwe ibisigaye bitarandundwa ahubwo bigomba kwifashishwa mu gutwikira ubutaka buhingwa aho bibora na byo bigahinduka ifumbire.
Ihame rya nyuma riteganya ko igihingwa kimwe kitagomba guhingwa incuro ebyiri zikurikiranya mu murima umwe, yose agahuriza hamwe guha ubutaka ubushobora bwo gutanga umusaruro mwiza kandi bigakorwa mu buryo karemano bidasabye ikiguzi cyinshi.
Guhinga muri ubu buryo binatuma ingano y'amazi umuhinzi akenera guha ubutaka igabanyuka kuko bugumana ayo buba bufite.
Umunyeshuri mu mwaka wa gatatu muri RICA, Kwizera Rwayitare Fabrice, yabwiye IGIHE ko mu murima bakoreramo ubu buhinzi mbere kuri hegitari imwe havagamo umusaruro wa toni eshanu, ariko hakoreshwa ubu buhinzi burengera ibidukikije havamo toni ziri hagati ya 7,5-8 kandi uko igihe gishira zikazagenda ziyongera.
Ati 'Birahagije gusa gucukura akobo konyine uri bushyiremo imbuto n'ifumbire kuko igihingwa gikura neza ntakibazo. Ubu buhinzi ni ingenzi kuko igice kinini gitunzwe na bwo mu Rwanda kandi harimo kurinda kwangiza amafaranga kandi ukunguka cyane kuko umusaruro wiyongera.'
Uretse ubu buhinzi, muri RICA hakorerwa n'ubwo mu nzu zabugenewe zizwi nka 'Green House'. Izi zifasha mu guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ibihe no kuzamura ubwiza n'ubwinshi bw'umusaruro w'abahinzi.
Urugero nk'ahakorerwa ubuhinzi bwa poivron z'amabara atandukanye ku buso bwa metero kare 504, iyo zimaze guterwa zitangira gusarurwa nyuma y'amezi atatu bigakorwa buri cyumweru. Mu mezi icyenda havamo toni ziri hagati y'eshanu na zirindwi.
Ikindi ni uko bafite ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima ubutaka hakamenyekana ububobere b'ubushyuhe bufite.
Bafite ubundi buryo bwo kuhira hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga aho umuntu yuhira bidasabye kuba hafi ya 'pivot' ahubwo akoresha application akagena ingano y'amazi iyi mashini isohora, umuvuduko igenderaho n'igihe igomba kumara yuhira ubundi yakemeza bikikora.
Ubworozi burengera ibidukikije
Muri RICA hatangirwa amasomo y'uburyo ubworozi buteye imbere burengera ibidukikije bukorwa aho inka, ingurube n'inkoko byororerwa ahabugenewe kandi n'umusaruro wa byo ukabyazwa inyungu.
Ibi bikorwa binyuze mu kwita ku mibereho myiza y'amatungo no kuyafasha kugira ubuzima bwiza binyuze mu kuyagenera ibyo kurya bikwiye, ibiraro byiza, n'ubuvuzi.
Muri iri shuri hari ivuriro ry'amatungo ku buryo irigize ikibazo rihita rijya kwitabwaho.
Aha abanyeshuri bigisha kwita kuri aya matungo no gutunganya umusaruro wayo. Ku nka bahabwa n'amasomo y'uko batera intanga n'insoro.
Umusaruro w'aya matungo uragurishwa hakabonekamo amafaranga.
Hororerwa inka 73 [26 zikamwa ubu] zihororerwa zirishiriza mu rwuri rwa hegitari 74 ziteyemo ubwatsi butandukanye. Ikamwa litiro nyinshi ikamwa litiro 43 ku munsi, muri rusange zose zigakamwa litiro ziri hagati ya 515-520 ku munsi.
Hari n'ikindi gice cyororerwamo inkoko z'inyama n'iz'amagi, hifashishijwe uburyo bunyuranye hashingiwe ku bushobozi, abanyeshuri bakiyungura ubwo bimenyi.
Aho izi nkoko zororerwa hakakira 1.000 z'inyama [zororwa mu byumweru bitandatu] n'iz'amagi ziterenze 1.300 [zitera amagi 1.100 ku munsi].
Umusaruro w'ibikomoka ku buhinzi n'ubworozi uratunganywa
Umwihariko w'iri shuri ni ukwigira ku murirmo kuko abanyeshuri bahabwa amasomo bakanashyira mu bikorwa ibyo biga.
Ni ukuvuga ngo niba ari ubuhinzi, biga bahinga n'ubworozi bakabwiga borora. Birumvikana rero ko no mu gushyira mu ngiro ibyo biga hari umusaruro bitanga.
Ni muri urwo rwego muri iri shuri hashyizwe ibigega bitanu bihunika ibinyampeke [soya n'ibigori] bingana na toni 460. Aha bihashyirwa bitegereje kujyanwa ku isoko.
Hafi y'ibi bigenga kandi hari imashini zifashwa mu kongera ibi binyampeke agaciro aho zikoramo ibiryo by'inka, inkoko n'ingurube. Imashini imwe ifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya toni 12 z'ibi biryo ku munsi.
Umusaruro wundi nka poivron n'izindi mboga ndetse n'imbuto na byo bijyanwa ku isoko, mu gihe ya magi agurishwa ku ishuri no hanze ya ryo.
Amata atangwa n'inka agemurirwa ikigo agakoreshwa mu gutunganya amafunguro, hakaba ajyanwa mu makusanyirizo yegereye iri shuri hakaba n'andi ajyanwa mu gice cyo muri iri shuri cyongererwaho agaciro ibikomoka ku bworozi aho akorwamo 'yaourt' na 'fromage' kandi na byo bigakorwa n'abanyeshuri.
Hari ikindi gice cyongererwamo agaciro inyama ziba zakomotse ku matungu yororerwa muri iri shuri, hagakorerwamo za 'saucisse'; 'Ham'; inyama z'inkoko n'ibindi. Nko ku munsi abanyeshuri bashobora kongerera agaciro ibiro by'inyama birenga 30.
Umwihariko w'iri shuri ni uko ibikorwa byose by'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi bikorwa n'abanyeshuri ku rugero rwa 90% nka kimwe mu bice biba bigize amasomo yabo, ubundi abakozi basanzwe bagasigara bakurikirana ibi bikorwa mu gihe abanyeshuri bakurikirana andi masomo atandukanye.
Umuyobozi Mukuru Ushinzwe amasomo muri RICA, Dr Olusegun Yerokun, yavuze ko gahunda zabo atari ugutanga amasomo gusa ahubwo ari ukubakira urubyiruko rw'u Rwanda ubushobozi kugira ngo ruzagire icyo rumarira igihugu cyarwo.
Mu banyeshuri 75 basoreje kwiga muri iri shuri mu 2023, 93% muri bo bamaze kwinjira mu kazi mu nzego zitandukanye zijyanye n'ubuhinzi mu Rwanda mu gihe abandi bakomeje amasomo.
Uretse gutanga amasomo, hari gushyirwamo imbaraga mu ishami ry'ubushakashatsi kuri ubu buhinzi burengera ibidukikije muri RICA rimaze igihe gito ritangijwe.
Amafoto: Kasiro Claude
