Mu kubyumva neza, ibishanga bifatwa nk'ibihaha cyangwa umutima w'igihugu kuko binyungurura amazi, bigafata ashobora guteza imyuzure, bikaba indaro y'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima n'ibindi. Nawe tekereza umubiri nta bihaha cyangwa umutima ufite.
Impamvu y'ibi ni uko hari igihe u Rwanda rwigeze kujya rutakaza hafi ibihumbi 65$ (miliyoni 87,8 Frw) ku munsi yo kugura mazutu yagombaga kuziba icyuho cyari cyaratejwe n'iyangirika ry'Igishanga cya Rugezi mu gutunganya amashanyarazi.
Ntabwo ushobora kubyemera ariko reka tunyuze amaso muri raporo zitandukanye turebe uko byagenze.
Mu myaka ya 2003-2004 u Rwanda rwahuye n'ibibazo by'igabanyuka ry'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mazi, ubukungu, burazahara bitewe n'igabanyuka ry'ubushobozi bw'Urugomero rwa Ntaruka ruherereye mu Majyaruguru y'u Rwanda.
Byatewe n'uruhererekane rw'ibibazo, aho amazi yabarizwaga mu biyaga bya Burera na Ruhondo yagabanyutse cyane, bituma imashini eshatu zifasha mu gukora amashanyarazi (turbine) mu Rugomero rwa Ntaruka zitabasha gukora neza, hasigara imwe.
Uko kugabanyuka kw'amazi kwaterwaga n'iyangirika rikomeye ry'Igishanga cya Rugezi ubu kiri ku buso bwa hegitari zirenga 7000, gifata ku turere rwa Gicumbi na Burera kuko ari cyo cyagaburiraga ibyo biyaga.
Ni ikibazo cyakomeje kugaragara imyaka myinshi bijyanye n'ibikorwa bya muntu byototeraga icyo cyogogo cya Rugezi-Burera-Ruhondo.
Raporo Ikigo cy'Igihugu cyo kurengera Ibidukikije, REMA, igaragagaza ko icyo kibazo cy'ibura ry'amashanyarazi cyatijwe umurindi n'ibindi bitandukanye nko gudashora imari mu bikorwa byo kuvugurura ingomero z'ingenzi nk'urwa Mukungwa rwari rwarubatswe mu 1982.
Byarimo kwiyongera kw'abaturage, ubushobozi buke bwa leta, ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi bwo ku misozi ihanamye, gutema ibiti bya hato na hato n'ibindi.
Ikindi ni uko kuva mu myaka 1991 kugeza mu 2000 byari ibihe bya mbere byaranzwe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, na byo bikaba mu byatumye amazi yo mu migezi yagaburiraga ibyo biyaga agabanyuka.
Kugabanyuka kw'amazi yo muri Burera na Ruhondo yaragabanyutse uko imyaka yashiraga kuva mu myaka ya 1990, ikibazo gikomera hagati ya 1998 kugeza 2000.
Byageze mu 2000 Electrogaz (REG y'ubu) yagerageje gushyira imbaraga mu kuvugurura Igishanga cya Rugezi, icyakora ibyari ibisubizo bikamura amazi muri icyo gishanga bumwe mu buso cyariho buhingwaho ubwatsi bwo kuboha no kugaburira amatungo, ibintu biradogera.
Byatumye amazi ajya mu Kiyaga cya Burera agabanyuka uko imyaka yagendaga ihita indi igataha, ku buryo mu 2004 byageze amazi yaragabanyutse ku rugero rwa 50%, bituma Electrogaz igabanya mu buryo bugaragara ikorwa ry'amashanyarazi muri Ntaruka.
Icyo gihe u Rwanda rwari rukeneye amashanyarazi menshi kurusha ayo rwari rwatunganyaga, bituma rutangira rushyiraho 'générateurs' z'amashanyarazi mu kuziba icyo cyuho cy'ingufu zaburaga.
Kuva mu 2004 izo mashini zigishyirwaho, amashanyarazi akomoka kuri mazutu yariyongeye, nyuma y'umwaka yari yamaze kwiharira 30% by'amashanyarazi yose yo mu gihugu, agera kuri 56% mu 2006.
Raporo y'Ishami rya Loni ryita ku Bidukikije, UNEP yo mu 2006 yagaragaje ko gukoresha izo izo 'générateurs' byatwaraga u Rwanda arenga ibihumbi 65$ (miliyoni 87 Frw y'ubu), ibyatumye igihugu kizahara mu bukungu n'abaturage bakabona umuriro uhenze.
Kugira ngo Igishanga cya Rugezi cyongere gusubirana byasabye imbaraga nyinshi zashyizwemo na Guverinoma y'u Rwanda nk'uko Umuyobozi Mukuru Wungirije w' Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga Ibidukikije, REMA aherutse kubishimangira.
Icyo gihe hari mu muhango wo kwishimira igikorwa cy'abashakashatsi ku bidukikije bo mu Rwanda no mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, aho bari bavumbuye amoko 638 atandukanye y'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima mu Rugezi arimo 433 atari azwi ko akibarizwamo.
Icyo gihe Munyazikwiye yagize ati 'Mu busesenguzi twakoze twasanze Igishanga cya Rugezi cyarangiritse burundu. Ni cyo gishanga cyonyine cyatangaga amazi kuri ruriya rugomero.'
Yavuze ko u Rwanda rwakoze ubutaruhuka kugira ngo rurebe icyaba igisubizo, icyakora rufata ibyemezo mu buryo butatu.
Ku ikubitiro mu 2006 Rugezi yagizwe kimwe mu bishanga bibungabunzwe ku rwego rw'Isi binyuze mu masezerano yasinyiwe i Ramsar muri Iran.
Byatumye kiba igishanga kirinzwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga aho abaturage batabashaga kucyinjiramo ngo bacyangirize uko biboneye.
Ikindi cyemezo cyari ikijyanye no gushaka amikoro kugira ngo icyo gishanga kivugururwe cyongerwe n'umwanya w'ubuhumekero, ibyatwaye imyaka ine kugera mu 2010, ibikorwa byajyanye no kurinda utugezi turimo.
Byatanze umusaruro kandi icyari ikibazo kirakemurwa bituma muri Nyakanga 2024, u Rwanda rufunga inganda zarwo zose za mazutu, bijyanye n'uko u Rwanda rwari rumaze kunguka ingomero z'amashanyarazi.
Zirimo urwa Rusumo u Rwanda rusangiye n'u Burundi na Uganda, aho byitezwe ko ruzajya rufite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya amashanyarazi angana na megawati 80 buri gihugu kigatwara megawati 26,6, n'urwa Shema Power Lake Kivu Ltd, rutunganya gaz methane zingana na megawati 56.
Ubu u Rwanda rugeze ku rugero rwo gukora amashanyarazi angana na megawati 406,4 avuye kuri megawatt 276 yatunganywaga mu mwaka ushize, akaba menshi ugereranyije n'ibitwara umurimo mu gihugu.
Raporo y'Umugenzuzi w'Imari ya Leta yo mu 2022 yagaragaje ko inganda za mazutu ari zo zahendaga mu gutunganya ingufu kuko kilowati imwe yatunganywaga ku kiguzi cya 375,5 Frw mu gihe mu rugomero rusanzwe bisaba 136,9 Frw.
Muri uwo mwaka iyo raporo yagaragaje ko izo nganda zitunganya amashanyarazi gifashishijwe mazutu, zakoresheje miliyari 38,8 Frw mu gutanga amashanyarazi ya kilowati 103.416.460 mu 2022.
Icyo gihe hagaragajwe ko umuriro wanganaga na 14% by'uwatunganyijwe wose muri uwo mwaka, watwaye ikiguzi kingana na 31% by'icy'uwatunganyijwe wose.
Imibare igaragaza ko izo kilowati z'amashanyarazi yakozwe hifashishijwe mazutu icyo gihe, iyo zitunganywa hifashishijwe amazi byari gutwara miliyari 14,1 Frw, bivuze ko uwo mwaka rwari kuramira miliyari 24,6 Frw, mu gihe iyo atunganywa n'uruganda rwa gaz methane byari gutwara miliyari 17,9 Frw, igihugu kikaba cyararamiye miliyari 20 Frw buri mwaka.
