RDB ishyizeho iyi politiki nyuma y'uko muri Kamena uyu mwaka, ihawe inshingano zo kugenzura ibijyanye n'imikino y'amahirwe, intego ikaba "Gushyiraho urwego rw'imikino y'amahirwe rutekanye kandi rugenzurwa, rurinda abaturage ibyababangamira kandi ruteza imbere ubukungu na sosiyete Nyarwanda."
Imikino ivugwa muri iyi politiki irimo 'Tombola'. Uyu ukaba mukino w'amahirwe ukinwa mu gihe abawukina bagura amatike ashingiye ku mahirwe yo gutsindira ibihembo.
Harimo kandi kazino (casino), irimo umukino w'amakarita ukinirwa ku meza (poker), umukino wo kubika no kubura amakarita (blackjack), umukino wo guhirika akabumbe ku mupira wihindukiza uriho imibare (roulette), umukino ushingiye ku kuba umukinnyi afite amakarita abiri cyangwa atatu mu ntoki (baccarat), kimwe n'imashini zinjizwamo ibiceri n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byifashishwa mu mikino y'amahirwe.
Iyi politiki kandi ireba ibyo gutega ku mikino, ari nabyo bimenyerewe cyane mu Rwanda. Aha harimo gushyiraho integano ku bizava mu bikorwa by'imikino biba imbonankubone cyangwa bibera mu ikoranabuhanga.
Harimo gutega ku bikorwa by'imikino bisanzwe mu mikino irimo uw'amaguru, uw'intoki, isiganwa ry'amafarasi no gutega ku bikorwa by'imikino bibera mu ikoranabuhanga rya murandasi. Gutega bijyanye n'imikino bishobora gukorerwa mu nzu zo gutegeramo zifite impushya cyangwa ku mbuga z'ikoranabuhanga zibifitiye impushya.
Iyi politiki inareba Imashini yinjizwamo ibiceri. Iyi ni imashini yinjizwamo ibiceri cyangwa imashini ikoreshwa ku mikino y'amahirwe mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga (Electronic Gaming Machine (EGM)), ikaba icyuma gikoreshwa mu bikorwa by'imikino y'amahirwe kigizwe n'ibyuma byihindukiza biriho ibimenyetso bitandukanye.
Abakina binzijamo amafaranga n'integano zirebana n'ibishobora kuboneka bigaragazwa n'ibimenyetso hashingiwe ku buryo bwagenwe bwo kwishyura.
Ibibazo biterwa n'imikino y'amahirwe mu Rwanda
Ubusanzwe imikino y'amahirwe ishobora kugira ingaruka nziza zirimo guhanga imirimo, kongera imisoro n'ibindi bitandukanye. Nko mu Rwanda, urwego rw'imikino y'amahirwe rwagize uruhare ku izamuka ry'ubukungu binyuze mu guhanga imirimo, kwinjiza imisoro no gushora imari mu bikorwa bitandukanye.
Hagati ya 2013 na 2019, urwo rwego rwungutse 264,3 Frw harimo imisoro ingana na miliyari 8,8 Frw, runagira uruhare mu gutanga imisanzu mu rwego rw'Ubwiteganyirize mu Rwanda (RSSB) ingana na miliyoni 623,2 Frw, amahoro n'andi mafaranga angana na miliyoni 334,2 Frw.
Imirimo igera ku 2,000 yarahanzwe harimo 79% mu birebana no gutega bijyanye n'imikino, 13% ku mashini zinjizwamo ibiceri na 8% kuri kazino. Ibi byafashije kugabanya umubare w'abashomeri ndetse bizamura ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi mu nzego zifitanye isano n'urwo rwego.
Icyakora nubwo bimeze gutya, haracyari ibyuho muri uru rwego bituma iyi mikino ishobora kugira ingaruka zirimo n'ibibazo byo mu mutwe, guteza ubukene mu bafite amikoro aciriritse n'ibindi.
Ikindi kibazo cyagaragajwe ni ikigero cyiyongera cy'ababatwa n'imikino y'amahirwe, kujegajega ku bukungu bw'abasanzwe binjiza amafaranga make, ibishobora kongera ubukene ndetse bikanatera ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.
Iyi politiki ibigarukaho, ivuga ko mu "bitera ihungabana harimo ihungabana rituruka ku bihe bibi umuntu yabayemo, kwiheba n'agahinda kenshi bifite aho bihurira no kubatwa n'imikino y'amahirwe, bikarushaho gutuma ingaruka z'ibikorwa by'imikino y'amahirwe ziba mbi ku bantu."
Ku rundi ruhande, kutagenzura neza iyi mikino ndetse n'ibijyanye n'imari, bishobora kuvamo ibikorwa by'amafaranga bitagengwa n'amategeko bishobora kuganisha ku inyerezwa ryayo.
Ni mu gihe kandi imisoro iva mu bikorwa by'imikino y'amahirwe ikiri mike mu Rwanda kubera kutabasha kubahiriza amategeko agenga imisoro, cyane cyane ku mbuga zikorerwaho imikino y'amahirwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga.
Ibi byose bishobora kuvamo ibikorwa byo kunyereza imisoro, ubujura no kudaha amahirwe angana abafite ibikorwa by'imikino y'amahirwe. Ni mu gihe umusaruro uturuka muri ibi bikorwa utagira uruhare rufatika mu iterambere ry'imibereho n'ubukungu kubera ko urwo rwego rutabasha gusora mu buryo bukwiriye.
Ibi byagaragaye cyane mu 2023 ubwo abantu benshi bafite ibikorwa by'imikino y'amahirwe baciwe ihazabu kubera kutubahiriza ibipimo ngengamikorere.
Ikindi ni uko kutabasha kurengera abitabira imikino y'amahirwe bituma abakina batsikamirwa n'ababashakamo indonke, banagamije kwigwizaho inyungu.
Havugutswe umuti w'ibi bibazo
Mu rwego rwo guhangana n'ibi bibazo, RDB yagaragaje politiki izagira uruhare mu guteza imbere urwego rw'imikino y'amahirwe mu Rwanda.
Iyi politiki ikubiye mu kunoza imicungire y'ingaruka ku mibereho no ku bukungu ijyana na gahunda z'ibikorwa byizewe by'imikino y'amahirwe, gahunda z'ubukangurambaga, serivisi zishinzwe ubufasha n'amategeko aboneye arebana no kwamamaza.
Mu birebana no kurengera imibereho y'Abanyarwanda, harimo korohereza umuntu kuba yakwivana muri iyi mikino igihe abishatse, hagashyirwaho ingano ntarengwa y'amafaranga atangwa ndetse no kubona serivisi z'ubufasha ku bibazo by'abakina imikino y'amahirwe.
Harimo kandi kongera ubukangurambaga bwibanda cyane cyane ku matsinda aterwa ibibazo n'iyo mikino, arimo urubyiruko n'abashobora kubatwa n'imikino y'amahirwe.
Ikindi ni ugushyiraho imirongo ya telefoni itangirwaho ubufasha ku rwego rw'igihugu na serivisi zitanga ubufasha n'ubujyanama ku bantu bagizweho ingaruka n'ibibazo bikomoka ku mikino y'amahirwe.
Ku bijyanye n'amategeko ajyanye no kwamamaza ndetse no gusakaza ibikorwa by'imikino y'amahirwe, hazibandwa ku bakiri bato bitabira iyi mikino ndetse n'abagirwaho ingaruka n'iyo mikino.
Harimo kandi kwirinda gukoresha ibyamamare n'abantu bakomeye mu mikino mu gihe cyo kwamamaza, cyangwa kwifashisha ahantu hafite umwihariko mu gihe cyo kwamamaza ndetse n'ubutumwa busobanutse buburira abantu ku ngaruka z'imikino y'amahirwe.
Hari kandi kugaragaza ibibazo by'abakina imikino y'amahirwe, hagashyirwaho uburyo n'amabwiriza bigezweho by'igenzura bikoreshwa mu kugaragaza ingero zidasanzwe mu gutega n'imyitwarire yerekeza ku bibazo bikomoka ku mikino y'amahirwe.
Abafite ibikorwa by'imikino y'amahirwe basabwa kubigiramo uruhare no gufasha bantu bagizweho ingaruka.
Imisoro igiye kongerwa
Mu Rwanda, abafite ibikorwa by'imikino y'amahirwe bishyura 13% ku mafaranga mbumbe binjije (ikinyuranyo hagati y'amafaranga biteze n'ayatsindiwe), naho abakina imikino y'amahirwe bishyura 15% by'ayo batsindiye.
Iri janisha riri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'ahandi kuko nko Macau isoresha 39% by'umutungo mbumbe winjira ku musoro ku mikino y'amahirwe. Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika zisoresha 24%, bikaba 15% ku Bwongereza.
Iyi politiki ivuga ko "mu guhuza gahunda y'isoresha na gahunda z'iterambere zishyirwa imbere ku rwego rw'igihugu, ivugurura rizashimangira uruhare rw'urwego rw'imikino y'amahirwe mu gushyigikiraho gahunda rusange, harimo ubuvuzi, uburezi n'izindi gahunda z'imibereho zigomba kwitabwaho, kandi rigafasha mu iterambere ryizewe ry'urwego rw'imikino y'amahirwe."
Kubera izo mpamvu, hateganyijwe ibikorwa birimo "kongera gusuzuma ijanisha ry'umusoro no kongera gusobanura ifatizo ry'umusoro hagamijwe kongera umutungo winjira no kunoza imikorere."
Harimo kandi gushyiraho umusoro ku byaguzwe uhindagurika urebana n'ibikorwa by'imikino y'amahirwe. Uyu musoro uzajya ukatwa ku mafaranga yateganijwe n'ukina imikino y'amahirwe mu rwego rwo guca intege abitabira imikino y'amahirwe mu buryo buhoraho.
Iyi politiki ivuga ko "Ikigereranyo nyakuri cy'ijanisha ry'imisoro kigomba kugereranywa n'ikijyanye n'ibindi bintu byangiza ubuzima bw'abantu nk'itabi, mu rwego rwo guca intege abitabira mu buryo buykabije imikino y'amahirwe."
Ikindi gikorwa ni ugushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zirebana n'imisoro harimo umusoro ushingiye ku mafaranga yinjijwe ku mutungo rusange w'ufite ibikorwa by'imikino y'amahirwe, bigafatwa nk'umusanzu utegetswe ku mibereho hagamijwe kongera umutungo no kugabanya ibikorwa by'imikino y'amahirwe byabangamira abandi bantu batarebwa na byo.
Iyi politiki kandi ivuga ko "Ishyirwaho ry'Urwego rw'igihugu rushinzwe imikino y'amahirwe na Komisiyo y'imikino y'amahirwe ndetse n'Urwego ngenzuramikorere ku mikino y'amahirwe rwigenga hamwe n'iyubahirizwa ry'imirongo ngenderwaho iboneye."
Yongeraho ko "ibi bizagabanya ibikorwa bitemewe n'amategeko, bizamure imikorere ishingiye ku bisabwa kandi birengere abantu bagira ibibazo bitewe n'imikino y'amahirwe. Mu myaka 10 iri imbere, urwego rw'imikino y'amahirwe mu Rwanda ruteganya gukora impinduka zikomeye zishingiye ku ivugurura ry'ubugenzuzi n'ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho."
