Ni icyemezo kireba abashya bashaka kwinjira mu kimotari, bivuze ko umuntu mushya uje gukora ikimotari najya kuri RURA gushaka ibyangombwa, azasabwa ko moto akoresha iba iy'amashanyarazi.
Ni urugendo rukomeza, ariko ntawe uhungabanyijwe ku buryo ibikorwa remezo nibimara gukwirakwira mu gihugu hose, ibyo byemezo bizafatwa no mu yindi mijyi, bikava no kuri za moto bikagera ku modoka zitwara abantu mu buryo rusange.
Ni mu buryo bwo kurengera ibidukikije no kugabanya umwuka uhumanye usigaye wiyongera umunsi ku wundi, ibinakomeje gushyira mu kaga ubuzima bw'abaturage, cyane cyane ubwiyongere bw'ababa bafite indwara z'ubuhumekero.
Imibare y'inzego z'ubuzima mu Rwanda igaragaza ko mu 2018 abantu bagannye amavuriro bagiye kwivuza indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero zirimo inkorora, ibicurane n'izindi bari 2.766.476, mu 2019 baragabanyuka bagera kuri 2.311.800 mu 2020 bagera kuri 2.817.172 mu 2021, na ho mu 2022 baba 1.867.025.
Imibare igaragaza kandi ko abicwa n'indwara z'ubuhumekero bigizwemo uruhare n'iyangirika ry'umwuka abantu bahumeka, bagiye biyongera, aho nko mu 2012 bari 2227 mu 2019 bagera ku 9290.
Uko bigaragara ntabwo ari moto zibigiramo uruhare gusa, ari na yo mpamvu benshi bibajije impamvu ari zo zibanzweho.
Icyakora impamvu irumvikana. Mu isuzuma ryakozwe hagaragaye ko mu binyabiziga by'ubwikorezi byohereza imyuka yangiza ikirere moto zihariye 57,10% bigizwemo uruhare n'ubwinshi bwazo kuko zirenga ibihumbi 25 mu Mujyi wa Kigali gusa.
Bijyana kandi n'uko kuzisimbuza iz'amashanyarazi biri gufata umurongo aho nk'ibikorwa remezo byazo nka za 'chargeurs' biri gukwirakwira henshi, uretse mu bice by'Umujyi wa Kigali, zamaze no kugezwa mu nkengero zawo nko ku Ruyenzi, Muhanga n'ahandi. Ubu mu Rwanda habarurwa moto z'amashanyarazi zirenga 6.000.
Indi mpamvu itera impungenge kuri moto ni uko mu bihugu byo mu Burayi n'ahandi ku Isi, moto zifatwa nk'iza siporo, Afurika ikaba umugabane rukumbi moto zifatwa nk'uburyo bw'ubwikorezi, aho nko mu Rwanda abagenzi 38% bakoresha moto.
Ibyo bituma inganda zizikora uko ziboneye nta mategeko zikurikije, zigakorwa ku bwinshi mu kwangiriza ikirere zigashya zitanzitse.
Moto zitazongera guhabwa impushya ni moto nshya zigamije gukoreshwa mu kimotari, bivuze ko izisanzwe zikoresha lisansi zamaze guhabwa impushya zizakomeza kuzikoresha ndetse bagakomeza guhabwa impushya nshya uko umwaka utashye.
Moto za lisansi zizakomeza kwinjira mu gihugu ni iz'abazikoresha ku giti cyabo nk'uyikoresha akora ingendo zitandukanye agiye mu kazi, kuko hari aho ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi bitaragera.
Minisitiri w'Ibikorwaremezo, Dr. Jimmy Gasore, aherutse kuvuga ko 'Ibinyabiziga bikorera ahantu hamwe ni byo bizaherwaho. Moto icuruza ikorera i Kigali gusa iba ifite aho yiyandikishije mu mashyirahamwe aho igomba gukorera, iyo urebye na bisi na zo ziguma zizenguruka mu mujyi ni zo turi kureba ngo turebe koko ko ibihari bihagije ariko mu gihe cya vuba na zo zirafatwaho icyemezo.'
U Rwanda ruri kureba uko rwakwinjira no mu guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo bifasha na bisi z'amashanyarazi no kunganira abatwara abagenzi mu buryo bwa rusange kubona bisi bidahenze, nyuma nizimara gukwirakwira izikoresha bisi za lisansi na zo zihagarikwe mu Mujyi wa Kigali.
Kugeza muri Kanama 2024, mu Rwanda habarurwaga sitasiyo 24 z'amashanyarazi, enye zongera amashanyarazi muri moto n'ahantu 49 bongerera amashanyarazi muri batiri za moto bakanasimburiza abamotari, hatabariwemo izo mu ngo.
Isesengura ry'ibanze ryagaragaje ko mu gihugu hose hakenewe nibura sitasiyo 226 zifasha kongera amashanyarazi mu modoka.
Inyigo y'ahazashyirwa ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi yamaze gukorwa n'aho bizashyirwa hamaze gutegurwa.
Ubundi buryo buri kwifashishwa, ni uguhindura moto za lisansi ahari moteri hagashyirwa batiri, icyakora umushoramari wari wabitangiye amikoro yamubanye make amaze guhindura moto 80, ubu akaba ari gufashwa ngo iyo gahunda yagurwe.
Uretse kurengera umwuka abantu bahumeka no kubungabunga ibidukikije, moto z'amashanyarazi zitanga umusaruro kurusha iza lisansi.
Iyo uganiriye n'abamotari bakoresheje zose bakubwira ko lisansi ya 1700 Frw ishobora kukwinjiriza atarenze 5000 Frw mu gihe umuriro nk'uwo ushobora kwinjiriza utwara moto y'amashanyarazi 8000 Frw.
Ibyo kumenya ku myuka iri mbere mu guhumanya uwo Abanyarwanda bahumeka
Bimwe mu byangiriza umwuka abantu bahumeka harimo uzwi nka 'Nitrogen Oxide' uva ku bikorwa bya muntu nk'ubwikorezi bw'ibinyabiziga nka moto, imodoka, imyuka iva mu nganda cyane izitunganya ibinyabutabire n'ibindi byuma, izitunganya ingufu n'izindi.
Igira uruhare mu kwangiriza ubuzima bwa muntu n'ibidukikije, kubangamira imyanya y'ubuhumekero, indwara nka asthma, iz'umutima n'izindi.
Hari kandi umwuka wa 'sulfur dioxide' ukomoka ku gutwika ibikomoka kuri peteroli, nko mu nganda zikora ingufu, izishongesha ibyuma n'ibindi, n'indi myuka imeze nk'imikungugu ariko utabasha kubonesha amaso, ikangiza abantu mu buryo buri hejuru. Iva mu binyabiziga bitandukanye.
Ibindi bishobora kwangiza umwuka ni imyuka izwi nka Ozone. Iyi myuka yikora bigizwemo uruhare n'uruvangitirane rw'indi itandukanye igafasha mu kugabanya ubukana bw'imirasire y'Izuba igana ku Isi ishobora kwangiza ibinyabuzima. Iyo myuka iyo irengeje urugero na yo yangiriza umwuka.
Iyo myuka yangiza uwo abantu bahumeka kandi irimo n'uzwi nka 'carbon monoxide' ukomoka ku gutwika amashyamba nk'amakara n'ibindi.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije mu Rwanda, REMA bwagaragaje ko ibikorwa byangiriza umwuka abantu bahumeka, biyobowe n'ibwikorezi bw'ibinyabiziga nka moto, imodoka n'ibindi bikoresha moteri.
Bikurikirwa n'ingufu zo guteka, zituruka ku gutwika ibikomoka ku bimera, na cyane ko Abanyarwanda barenga 75% bifashisha inkwi.
Ikindi ni ikoreshwa rya za 'generateurs' hakorwa ingufu, uburyo bwa kane bukaba inganda zitandukanye nk'izikora ibyuma, izitunganya sima, hagaheruka ibiza karemano nk'iruka ry'ibirunga.
U Rwanda rurakataje mu gupima umwuka wanduye hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga
Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuziranenge (RSB), cyashyizeho ibipimo bigenderwaho kugira ngo harebwe uko umwuka abari mu Rwanda bahumeka wanduye n'uburyo ushobora kwangiza umubiri w'umuntu.
Mu 2015 Minisiteri y'Ibidukikije yahise ishyiraho uburyo bwo gupima uwo mwuka ishyiraho sitasiyo 21 mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu, zifasha gupima uwo mwuka, iyi minisiteri ikagira n'indi sitasiyo isumba izo sisanzwe ifasha kugenzura niba 21 zashyizwe ahantu zikora neza.
Icyakora ntabwo zihagije kuko nk'ubu mu turere 13 nta bene nk'izo sitasiyo zirimo zafasha gupima urugero umwuka abadutuye n'atugenderera bahumeka wanduyeho.
Ni ikibazo Minisiteri y'Ibidukikije iri guhangana na cyo kuko mu ntangiro za 2025 igiye gutangiza umushinga wo gushyira mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu sitasiyo 26 n'izindi ebyiri zigenzura uko izo zisanzwe zikora (reference stations).
Izo sitasiyo zitanga amakuru nyuma ya buri masegonda atanu, agahurizwa hamwe ndetse hashyizweho porogaramu ya telefone umuntu ashobora kwifashisha akareba uburyo ya myuka yiyongera mu bice birandukanye.
Bigaragazwa mu mabara, aho umutuku ugaragaza ko byacitse, umuhondo ukagaragaza ko biri kujya habi mu gihe icyatsi kigaragaza ko nta kibazo.
Minisiteri y'Ibidukikije igaragaza ko nubwo u Rwanda rwashoye mu bijyanye no kugenzura umwuka Abanyarwanda n'abagenderera u Rwanda bahumeka, ariko rukiri mu mishinga yo kwimakaza ikoranabuhanga ryisumbuye.
Igihugu kiri gushaka uburyo cyazakora iteganyagihe ry'uko umwuka uzaba umeze mu bihe biri imbere, nk'uko bimeze kuri Meteo Rwanda aho ishobora gukora iteganyagihe ku bijyanye n'uko ikirere kizaba cyifashe mu mezi runaka ari imbere,
Ni umushinga u Rwanda ruri gufatanyamo na Finlande, bikagaragazwa ko muri Werurwe 2025 ibikoresho byose bikenewe bizaba byarabonetse, ubundi u Rwanda rutangire gutanga amakuru y'uko ibihe biri imbere bizajya biba bimeze.
Uretse inzira ikomeza yo kugabanya ibinyabiziga bikoresha ibikomoka kuri peteroli u Rwanda rwagize uruhare no mu mishinga yindi itandukanye yo kurengera umwuka abantu bahumeka.
Nko 2018 gaz yifashishwa mu guteka (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) yakuriweho imisoro ndetse umushinga wa ''Tekera Aheza' ugamije kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere bigizwemo n'ingufu zo guteka urarimbanyije.
Abaturage bahabwa gaz n'imbabura zibungabunga ibidukikije, kuri nkunganire ya leta, ku buryo nka gaz isanzwe igura ibihumbi 78Frw barimo kuyihabwa ku mafaranga ibihumbi 42Frw.
Igihugu cyihaye intego yo guha Abanyarwanda imbabura za rondereza, amashyiga ya gaz, amashyiga ya palete n'amakara ku ngo ibihumbi 500.
Byajyanye no kwimakaza ubwikorezi butangiza aho nko mu 2021 u Rwanda rwatangiye gahunda yo gukuriraho imisoro ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, aho imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi z'iziyakomatanya na lisansi zimaze kurenga 7000.
Ntitwakwibagirwa gahunda yo gutunganya ibishanga nk'icya Nyandungu cyahindutse pariki, ndetse ubu u Rwanda rugeze kure gahunda yo gutunganya ibindi bitanu byo mu Mujyi wa Kigali na byo bizasiga bigizwe pariki n'ibindi.
