Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu zatumye hatekerezwa igisubizo cyagabanya uburemere bw'iki kibazo ku bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, usanga byikoreye umutwaro uremereye mu buryo budakwiriye.
Bumwe mu buryo bwatekerejweho, nubwo bukigibwaho impaka hirya no hino ku Isi, ni ubuzwi nka 'carbon market.'
Ibi wabigereranya n'ishoramari ry'ibihugu ndetse n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi bigira uruhare runini mu kohereza imyuka yangiza ikirere. Iri shoramari rizajya rikorwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, bigirwaho ingaruka n'iyangirika ry'ikirere nubwo bigira uruhare ruto cyane mu kucyanduza.
Aha niho habarizwa u Rwanda, narwo rwisanga mu cyiciro cy'ibihugu bigirwaho ingaruka n'iyangirika ry'ikirere nyamara uruhare rwarwo mu kucyangiza ari ruto cyane bikabije ugereranyije n'ibindi bihugu ku Isi.
Muri iyi gahunda ya 'carbon market', igihugu A cyanduza ikirere cyane, gishobora kuganira n'igihugu B kitacyangiza cyane, igihugu A kikemera gukora ishoramari mu kurengera ibidukikije mu gihugu B. Iryo shoramari rigomba kuba riri mu nzego zo kurengera ibidukikije, nko gutera ibiti, gukoresha imirasire y'izuba aho kuba peteroli n'ibindi nk'ibyo.
Icyo bifasha ni uko bigabanya ikiguzi igihugu B cyashoraga mu guhangana n'ingaruka z'iyangirika ry'ikirere, wenda iryo shoramari rishobora kugabanya izo ngaruka. Ku rundi ruhande, igihugu A kirushaho guhendwa n'imyuka yangiza ikirere cyoherezayo, bityo kikarushaho gushyiraho ingamba zituma igabanuka, bityo buri wese bikazarangira abyungukiyemo.
Gusa ibi ni ibintu bishya, ku buryo usanga amategeko n'ibindi bijyanye n'iyi gahunda bitarahuzwa neza ku rwego rw'Isi.
Minisitiri w'Ibikorwaremezo, Dr. Gasore Jimmy, yavuze ko u Rwanda ruri kwiga uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro uru rwego rukiri rushya.
Mu kiganiro na CNBC Africa, yagize ati "U Rwanda rutangiye kubyaza umusaruro 'carbon market', nemera ko amahirwe ari muri uru rwego ari menshi cyane ugereranyije n'ibyo tumaze kugeraho."
Yongeyho ati "Gusa nibura dufite umurongo ngenderwaho ugena uburyo bwo kugera kuri 'carbon market', binyuze mu Kigo gishinzwe kurengera Ibidukikije (REMA) ndetse na Minisitiri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi itangiye kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura imishinga y'ishoramari mu bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije."
Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko magingo aya u Rwanda ruri gushyira imbaraga mu bijyanye no kunononsora amategeko ajyanye n'uru rwego rushya, ati "Turi mu rugendo rwo kunoza ibijyanye n'amategeko n'ubugenzuzi (bigenga green financing na carbon market) mu kubyaza umusaruro iri soko, mu gihe nka bimwe mu bigo byigenga byo byatangiye kubyaza umusaruro iri soko."
Afurika irageramiwe
Magingo aya, Afurika ihomba ari hagati ya miliyari 7$ na miliyari 15$ buri mwaka, bitewe n'ingaruka z'iyangirika ry'ikirere zirimo imyuzure, ubushyuhe bukabije n'ibindi. Mu 2030, aya mafaranga azaba amaze kurenga miliyari 50$.
Mu gihe nta gikozwe gifatika, ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ikirere zajya zigabanya 3% by'umusaruro mbumbe w'ubukungu bwa Afurika buri mwaka kuva mu 2050, ahanini bitewe n'uko izi ngaruka zizagabanya hagati ya 20% na 40% by'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi uboneka kuri uyu Mugabane ku mwaka.
Ibi niyo mpamvu Afurika ikwiriye gushyira hamwe mu guhangana n'izi ngaruka, nk'uko Minisitiri w'Ibikorwaremezo, Dr. Jimmy Gasore, yabigarutseho.
Yavuze ko nubwo u Rwanda ruri gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo rwitegure kubyaza umusaruro uru rwego rwa 'carbon market', gusa byaba byiza n'ibindi bihugu bya Afurika, nabyo bigirwaho ingaruka zikomeye n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere, bihagurukiye rimwe mu gushaka ibisubizo kuri iki kibazo.
Ati "Ku bijyanye na Afurika, ntekereza ko mu rwego rwo kubyaza umusaruro ubucuruzi bushingiye ku kurengera ibidukikije (carbon trading), hakenewe ko Afurika ishyiraho [umurongo umwe] wo kugenzura ishoramari ry'isoko ry'ibidukikije. Ibi byafasha mu kongera ingano y'iryo soko, bityo rigakurura abashoramari benshi. Gusa nanone isoko rya Afurika rikwiriye guhuzwa n'andi masoko hirya no hino ku Isi."
Dr. Gasore yakomeje asobanura ko ubu bufatanye bwatuma muri rusange Afurika yumvikana kurushaho, bityo n'ikibazo cy'ingaruka z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ihura nazo zikagabanuka.
Ati "Hari amahirwe yo gukorana nk'Abanyafurika yo gushyiraho umurongo ngenderwaho umwe, tugashyiraho ibyo twifuza bihuriweho ndetse n'uburyo bwo kugenzura buhuriweho, byose bijyanye n'imiterere y'ikibazo cy'iyangirika ry'ikirere muri Afurika. Igihe twaramuka dukoreye hamwe, twagira ijwi rinini kurushaho, tukaba isoko rinini ndetse twanagira inyungu mu bijyanye n'ingano y'agaciro gahabwa isoko ryacu rishingiye ku kurengera ibidukikije."
Uyu muyobozi kandi avuga ko "Hakenewe kandi ko habaho guhuza imirongo igenga iri soko, ndetse no gushyiraho uburyo bukwiriye bwo kugenzura no gupima iyi mishinga."
2025 izaba umwaka wo kugabanya imyuka yangiza ikirere y'u Rwanda
Mu 2030, u Rwanda rurifuza kuzaba rwagabanyije nibura 38% by'imyuka yangiza ikirere rwoherezayo, aho mu 2025, iyo ntego izaba isigaje imyaka itanu gusa.
Ni muri urwo rwego Minisiteri y'Ibikorwaremezo ishyize imbaraga nyinshi mu kugabanya iyangirika ry'imyuka yangiza ikirere.
Dr. Gasore yavuze ko hari ibikorwa n'imishinga izatuma u Rwanda rugera kuri iyo ntego.
Ati "U Rwanda ruri mu nzira nziza yo kugera ku kigero cya 100% mu gukoresha ingufu zisubira (zibyazwa amashanyarazi). Muri Kamena, 2023, twahagaritse 'generators' zikoresha peteroli (mu gutanga umuriro w'amashanyarazi) kandi yari intambwe nini kuri twe bitari gusa mu kugabanya imyuka yangiza ikirere, ahubwo byanafashije mu kugabanya igiciro gikoreshwa mu kubona umuriro w'amashanyarazi."
Yongeyeho kandi ko "Gutangiza urugomero rwa Rusumo ruzajya ruha u Rwanda megawatts 27, ari nako bigenda ku bindi bihugu. Hiyongeraho na gaz methane, ntabwo ari ingufu zisubira 100%, ariko ni nziza kurusha ubundi buryo nka nyiramugengeri. Ibi nabyo bidufasha kugera ku ntego yo gukoresha ingufu zisubira 100%. Ikindi ni uko turi kubaka urugomero rwa Nyabarongo II ruzaba rutanga megawatt 43."
Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko kurengera ibidukikije biri gukorwa binyuze nzego zose zirimo imyubakire, inganda ndetse n'urwego rw'ubwikorezi, aho u Rwanda rwahagurukiye kuzivugurura mu buryo bwagutse.
Ati "Izindi nzego nk'urwego rw'ubwikorezi, kuva mu 2021, u Rwanda rwagabanyije imisoro ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi na lisansi (hybrid) n'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi gusa. Ibi byari bigamije kugabanya imyuka yangiza ikirere ishingiye ku binyabiziga] (green mobility)."
Yongeyeho ko izi ngamba ziri gutanga umusaruro, ati "Turi kubona bitanga umusaruro, kandi turi kubyongeramo imbaraga. Nk'ubu kuva muri Mutarama 2025, ntabwo tuzongera kwemera moto nshya zikoresha lisansi mu gutwara abantu mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Ibi bigamije kugabanya imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere ndetse no kurengera ibidukikije mu rwego rw'ubwikorezi."
"Turi kubona n'inyongera ya bisi zitwara abantu mu buryo bwa rusange zikoresha amashanyarazi, turi kuzikurikiranira hafi kugira ngo tuzongere imbaraga muri urwo rwego."
Yashimangiye ko mu 2025, u Rwanda ruzakomeza gahunda yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, cyane ko mu 2029, Abanyarwanda bose bazaba bagerwaho n'umuriro w'amashanyarazi.
Ati "Mu 2025, tuzita cyane ku gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, tuvugurura imiyoboro y'umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Dufite imishinga itandukanye mu turere dutandukanye, tugabanya ibihombo, ndetse tukarushaho kubaka imiyoboro yacu y'amashanyarazi."
Yongeyeho ati "Ibi nabyo bigira uruhare mu kugabanya imyuka yangiza ikirere kuko iyo ufite umuriro w'amashanyarazi udacikagurika, abantu ntabwo bakoresha cyane za 'generators' zikoresha peteroli."
Ku rundi ruhande, u Rwanda ruzateza imbere ibijyanye no guteka hifashishijwe gaz, Dr. Gasore ati "Tugiye no kwagura mu buryo bufatika ibijyanye no guteka mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije, twifashishije gas. Ntiwavuga ko itangiza ibidukikije 100%, ariko irusha cyane gukoresha ibiti byatemwe mu ishyamba."
