Iri shuri naryo ribikesha umushakashatsi mu buhinzi ukomoka muri Ghana witwa Kofi Boa wahagejeje aya masomo. Uyu ni n'Umuyobozi w'Ikigo cy'Ubumenyi ku Buhinzi Burengera Ibidukikije muri Ghana [Center for No-Till Agriculture- CNTA].
Ubuhinzi butangiza ibidukikije, ni ubuhinzi butangiza ubutaka bwibanda ku mahame atatu, aho irya imbere ari ukwirinda gucukura cyangwa guhingagura ubutaka cyane; iryo guhora wasasiye ubutaka aho igihingwa gihinzwe utakirandura ahubwo ukagitereraho ikindi [Permanent crop cover]; n'ihame rya gatatu ryo guhora usimburanya igihingwa [Crop protection].
Ihame rya mbere ribuza umuhinzi kwifashisha isuka ahinga ahubwo agakoresha igikoresho cyabugenewe nk'imashini [n'umuhoro wabikora] agacukura umwobo muto cyane ahagiye kujyamo imbuto n'ifumbire.
Uku kudacukura ubutaka cyane bituma udusimba tuto cyane tubamo [micro-organism] tudapfa tugafasha mu gukora ifumbire karemano bikanafasha ubutaka kurumbuka ndetse tukanaba intungagihingwa.
Ihame rya kabiri rivuga ko iyo igihingwa gisaruwe ibisigaye bitarandundwa ahubwo bigomba kwifashishwa mu gutwikira ubutaka buhingwa aho bibora na byo bigahinduka ifumbire.
Ihame rya nyuma riteganya ko igihingwa kimwe kitagomba guhingwa inshuro ebyiri zikurikiranya mu murima umwe, yose agahuriza hamwe guha ubutaka ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro mwiza kandi bigakorwa mu buryo karemano bityo ntibisabe ikiguzi kinini.
Guhinga muri ubu buryo binatuma ingano y'amazi umuhinzi akenera guha ubutaka igabanyuka kuko hari ayo buba bwaribitsemo.
Urugero nko mu murima wo mu Ishuri rya RICA wa hegitari imwe wavagamo umusaruro wa toni eshanu hahinzwe bisanzwe, kuva hatangira gukorerwa ubuhinzi burengera ibidukikije havamo toni ziri hagati ya 7-8 kandi uko igihe gishira zizagenda ziyongera.
Twaganiriye na Kofi Boa, adusobanurira impamvu yitirirwa ubu buhinzi, uko abona buhagaze mu Rwanda n'aho yifuza ko bugera, anakomoza ku ruhare rwa Leta y'u Rwanda mu kubushyigikira.
IGIHE: Winjiye gute muri ubu buhinzi?
Kofi Boa: Uko mumbona ubu mfite imyaka 69 y'amavuko. Kuva mfite imyaka 12 nari ndi muri ubu buhinzi. Nakuriye muri ubwo buzima mfata n'amasomo y'ubuhinzi. Ariko hari ishyano ryagwiriye umubyeyi wanjye, navuga ko ari bwo ninjiye mu buhinzi nyirizina.
Mama wanjye yari afite umurima muto ahingamo 'cacao', umunsi umwe uwo murima uza gushya ubuzima buradukomerera. Ku myaka 12 namusezeranyije ko ubuzima bwanjye bwose nzabumara ndwanya ikoreshwa ry'umuriro mu mirima. Icyo gihe mu giturage cyacu ni wo wakoreshwaga mu gutegurira ubutaka kongera guhingwaho nanone.
Urumva rero niba nari ngiye guca ikoreshwa ry'umuriro, nagombaga kuzana ubundi buryo.
Maze kuganira n'abakuze namenye ko kera cyane igihe bahingaga 'cacao', batunganyaga ubutaka mbere y'umwaka bakabureka buri kimwe cyose kirimo kikaboreramo. Iyo igihe cyo gutera 'cacao' cyageraga ubutaka bwabaga bumeze neza cyane nta fumbire ikenewe cyangwa ngo hagire ibikurwamo kandi ibimera bikamera neza cyane.
Nibwo niyemeje kumara ubuzima bwanjye bwose nigo kuri ubwo buhinzi. Kandi icy'ingenzi kurushaho, ni ugusangira ubumenyi nabonye n'abandi kugira ngo hatagira umwana uhura n'ibyago nk'ibyo nahuye na byo.
Kandi ibi ni byo byahaye ubuzima bwanjye icyerekezo.
Ubwo twavuga ko ari wowe wavumbuye ubu buhinzi?
Bwahozeho ariko navuga ko nabaye umuntu w'ingenzi cyane mu kubuvugurura hanyuma nkabyigisha n'abantu, cyane cyane abahinzi baciriritse bagize umubare munini w'abahinzi muri Afurika.
Ubu buhinzi buhagaze gute muri Afurika?
Icya mbere navuga ni uko ubu buhinzi ari uburyo karemaro bwo guhinga. Bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye hari ibigenda bihinduka, izo mpamvu zirimo nk'ihinduka ry'ikirere n'ibindi, bigatuma uko byakorwaga mbere habaho ibihinduka.
Tumaze kugera kuri byinshi mu rwego rw'ubumenyi kandi icy'ingenzi ni ukubisangiza abaturage tukabereka uko bikora kugira ngo nabo babyisangemo banamenye inyungu ibirimo kubera ko abantu bamaze igihe kinini mu buhinzi bwa gakondo .
Ubu rero hari byinshi tumaze kumenya ariko nk'uko nabivuze kubera ibintu bigenda bihinduka tugomba gukomeza gukora ubushakashatsi n'ubucukumbuzi kuri ubu buhinzi kugira ngo duhore tubuvugurura.
Mu Rwanda harabura iki ngo ubu buhinzi busakazwe hose?
Mu by'ukuri ntangazwa cyane n'ibibera hano mu Rwanda, kuko mbona ko yaba Leta na Perezida Kagame ubwe biyemeje gushyigikira ubu buhinzi kandi bifasha cyane mu gutera imbere.
Kandi noneho muri Afurika yose mu Rwanda ni ho honyine dufite Kaminuza ishyize imbere kwigisha ubuhinzi burengera ibidukikije.
Icyingenzi ni uguha ubumenyi buhagije abigira muri iyi kaminuza kuko abenshi muri bo ntibazaba abahinzi ahubwo bazajya hanze kwigisha abahinzi.
Bazaba abambasaderi b'impinduka kuko bazaba bari guhindura abahinzi muri rusange.
Nta gihugu na kimwe cya Afurika ntarajyamo nigisha ubu buhinzi airko ikibitandukanya n'u Rwanda n'uko Leta ibishyigikiye kandi nicyo gikenewe ngo butere imbere mu buryo bwihuse.
Hari icyizere ko igihe kimwe ubu buhinzi aribwo gusa buzaba bukoreshwa mu Rwanda?
Ntakabuza! Kuva kera cyane nahoze nifuza ko Afurika yose yahinduka [igakoresha ubu buhinzi] mbere y'uko mpfa, kandi ndimo ndagenda mbibona ko bigiye gusohora. Ni ikibazo cy'igihe gusa.
Nujya kureba uzasanga imihindagurikire y'ibihe yarahinduye byinshi. Ntabwo dushobora gukomeza gukora ibintu nk'uko byahoze.
Nitugenda twinjira mu buhinzi burengera ibidukikije bugamije kubungabunga umwimerere w'ubutaka mu buryo bwunguka, abahinzi bazagenda babona inyungu zirimo babyishimire nyuma na nyuma bumve ntayandi mahitamo.
Ni iki wasaba Guverinoma y'u Rwanda?
Turimo kubona [muri kaminuza] abasore n'inkumi benshi. Icyo nakifuza ni uko nyuma yo kubaka ubumenyi n'ubuhanga bwabo muri ubu buhinzi, bazoherezwa hose mu gihugu ku buryo mu gihe gito, mu myaka mike, ubu buhinzi buzaba buri mu Rwanda hose, hakamenyekana icyo ubuhinzi burengera ibidukikije ari cyo, inyungu zabwo, imikorere yabwo, iyo izaba ari yo nzira ya nyayo.
Ubu buhinzi bushyizwe imbere n'u Rwanda, kuko buri mu mpamvu nyamukuru Ishuri rya RICA ryatangijwe.
Umuyobozi Mukuru wa RICA, Dr. Ron Rosati, yigeze gutangariza IGIHE ko intego yabo ari ukugeza ku baturage binyuze mu banyeshuri babo cyangwa gahunda zabo, uko ubuhinzi bukorwa kinyamwuga bukongera umusaruro n'inyungu kandi hashowe make.
Ati 'Turifuza kubona ikwirakwizwa ry'ubuhinzi bwita ku bidukikije mu gihugu kuko bizongera inyungu mu buhinzi ariko kandi bikarushaho guteza imbere uburyo burambye bwo guhinga bushingiye ku kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ibi ni intego yacu nyamukuru kuko twifuza kubona ubu buryo bukoreshwa hose mu gihugu.'
Urwego rw'ubuhinzi ni rumwe mu zifatiye runini Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda. Muri gahunda ya Guverinoma yo kwihutisha iterambere, NST2, byitezwe ko uru rwego ruzajya ruzamuka ku kigero cya 6% ku mwaka, umusaruro ukaziyongeraho 50% mu myaka itanu iri imbere.
